Peter Maytubby’s Roll of 1893 lists Chickasaw residents in the Choctaw Territory in 1893. The roll consists of names on loose, badly broken sheets of paper. Parts of the roll are in precarious condition. This dataset is part 2 which contains 89 names of registered Chickasaw.
This is a verified roll of Chickasaws registered by Ieshatubby in the Choctaw Nation under the act of June 20, 1893. The sheets are divided into columns for names, number of men, number of women, number of boys, number of girls, and totals. This roll does not indicate the amount paid or the recipients of the payments. It consists of two sheets of legal-cap paper; some names are written in ink, others in pencil. The word “paid” is generally written or indicated by ditto marks in the totals column. This roll was utilized by the Dawes Commission for enrollment purposes but was never indexed.
This is an English surname transcription of the alleged 1818 Chickasaw roll said to have been lost in the beginning of the 19th century. I expect, if this is a true roll, that it is the result of the Treaty of October 19, 1818 between the Chickasaw Nation and the United States. I have some doubts, however, as the treaty stipulates payments and land to the tribe, not to individual tribal members as later treaties would. It would be at the discretion of the tribe on how to settle the reservation and distribute the payments.
Holland Coffee, a trader at Fort Smith, led a trading expedition into western Indian territories alongside Robert M. French. They set up a trading post near the Red River, at the old Pawnee village, aiming to capitalize on friendly relations established by Colonel Dodge with western tribes. Despite challenges, including unrest among the tribes regarding treaty assurances, a significant conference was held at Fort Gibson in 1835, resulting in the first treaty with western prairie tribes, crucial for U.S. plans to relocate eastern Indians.
Horatio Cushman’s “History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians,” published in 1899, offers an in-depth exploration of these tribes in the American Southeast. Drawing on his personal experiences and oral histories, Cushman presents a nuanced narrative of their lives, social structures, and the challenges they faced from European colonization. His work highlights the cultural richness of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Natchez peoples, while addressing historical injustices and conflicts, making it a pivotal text for understanding these indigenous communities.
The history of the Chickasaw Indians, marked by conflict and resistance against European invaders, reflects the tragic narrative of many Native American tribes. Their initial encounter with Hernando De Soto in 1540 initiated a series of violent confrontations, highlighting their bravery amidst overwhelming odds. Despite being labeled “savages” by their conquerors, the Chickasaws showcased remarkable patriotism and valor. Their rich cultural legacy and the injustices they faced remain largely unchronicled, serving as a reminder of the complexities surrounding the interactions between Native Americans and European settlers.
The post examines the significance and origins of North American Indian place names in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana, particularly those derived from the Choctaw and Chickasaw languages. It highlights how these names reflect the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of the Native American tribes, while noting that many translations have become corrupted over time. The text provides numerous examples of place names alongside their original meanings, illustrating the deep historical connections embedded in the geography of the region.
From 1822 until their forcible removal, the North American Indians saw a rise in schools and religious practices, despite being unjustly labeled as infidels and savages. Missionaries, upon their arrival, found the Native peoples to possess moral integrity, respect for property, and a sincere belief in a Supreme Being. They discovered a society rich in virtues, countering misconceptions of savagery. However, the intrusion of white settlers led to the tragic displacement of these tribes from their ancestral lands, marking a devastating shift in their existence.
The Medicine Man holds significant cultural importance among North American Indians, originating from early French colonists’ misinterpretation of a tribal term. These figures conducted religious ceremonies aimed at appeasing spirits, with distinct tribal and individual medicines. The contents of sacred medicine bags, believed to embody protective powers, were closely guarded secrets. The process of creating individual medicine required isolation and spiritual reflection. Indigenous beliefs emphasized the constant struggle between good and bad spirits, influencing their actions and perceptions of fortune.
The Choctaw Nation demonstrated a remarkable moral framework, emphasizing respect for elders, integrity, and a deep reverence for their ancestors. Missionaries, such as Cyrus Kingsbury, noted the Choctaws’ eagerness for education and spirituality, leading to the establishment of schools and churches that fostered significant advancements in literacy and practical skills. Despite the challenges of relocation, the Choctaws’ commitment to civic and moral development led to a flourishing educational system, supported by community contributions and the resolute efforts of self-sacrificing missionaries.
The Choctaws held a significant understanding of the Great Flood, known as Oka Falama, passed down through generations. An encounter between Rev. Cyrus Byington and an elderly Choctaw hunter illustrates this connection. The hunter, although respectful of Byington’s teachings, felt it was too late for him to change his beliefs, turning to his children for guidance instead. Their discussion highlighted a blend of cultural wisdom and reverence for tradition, as the hunter recognized parallels between the biblical flood and his ancestral stories, maintaining a strong faith in his heritage.
The Choctaw, along with the Chickasaw, Cherokee, and Muscogee, trace their origins to ancient migrations from Mexico, possibly linked to the Aztecs. Their legends reflect historical events akin to biblical accounts and geological findings. Renowned for their remarkable endurance, Choctaws faced torture without flinching, viewing patience and resilience as crucial virtues. Their musical creativity was limited, primarily utilizing simple instruments like flutes and drums. Despite a lack of formal restraint, Choctaw youth demonstrated peaceful dispositions, valuing freedom and moral restraint throughout their lives.
The Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes traditionally exhibited smooth faces, lacking beards, a trait that indicated full Native ancestry. Their council meetings, known as “The Council Fire,” emphasized order and respect, with elders recounting the tribe’s history and traditions. Central to their lore are the mammoths and the Nahullo, a race of giants believed to have once inhabited Mississippi. Despite skepticism from outsiders regarding their traditions, archaeological findings have validated aspects of their rich oral history, reinforcing the accuracy of their ancestral accounts.
On February 11, 1700, explorers led by De Iberville reached Natchez, welcomed by a chief and his warriors. The Natchez were known for their sacred practices, including a temple that housed a perpetual fire and involved ritual sacrifices in times of crisis. Their society was structured around the Great Sun, a pivotal figure in their worship and governance. As they traversed the Mississippi, explorers documented their customs, including festivals aligned with lunar cycles and the poignant traditions of life and death, marking the Natchez as a significant nation in early American history.
The Natchez people faced devastation following the arrival of French colonists in 1716, marked by the establishment of Fort Rosalie. Initial attempts at peace failed due to cultural misunderstandings and disrespect from French leaders like Cadillac and Bienville, leading to hostilities. Despite attempts to negotiate, the Natchez were met with treachery, culminating in violent conflicts and eventual extermination by French forces. By 1733, remnants of the Natchez sought refuge among other tribes, disappearing as a distinct people, victims of colonial aggression and betrayal.
The Papago tribe prophesied the return of their Messiah, Moctezuma, who would rescue them from suffering, a belief echoed in their open-door custom. The Choctaws shared unique traditions surrounding eclipses, believing them caused by a mischievous black squirrel. During eclipses, they would create loud disturbances to scare it away. Their historical mound, Nunih Waiyah, is venerated as a significant ancestral symbol, reflecting their migration story, while the Choctaws consistently asserted their origins as stemming from a distant land to the west.
The Choctaw Nation has produced numerous significant figures throughout its history, notably Tush-ka Lu-sa, who valiantly defended his people against Spanish forces. While early documentation is scarce, many leaders have emerged from the 18th century onward, whose contributions to their community deserve recognition. This account aims to honor both the living and deceased Choctaw and Chickasaw men, emphasizing their dedication to improving their people’s welfare and the importance of preserving their legacies as examples for future generations.
In June 1884, the author visited Doaksville, a once-thriving but now declining village in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. There, he sought his long-lost Choctaw friend, Henry Folsom. Their reunion stirred deep reflections on friendship, the trials faced by Native Americans, and the impact of past adversities. As they reminisced, they acknowledged the injustices suffered by Henry’s people while celebrating their enduring bond. Despite the shadows of age and loss, their connection remained a testament to their shared history and affection across cultural lines.
The council convened to distribute the annuity ended in chaos, revealing deep-seated animosities between two chiefs, Nittakachih and Amosholihubih, foreshadowing potential civil war. As tensions escalated, both factions prepared for conflict, yet a moment of profound silence arose as Nittakachih approached, signaling a desire for peace. Through dialogue, misunderstandings were cleared, leading to a restoration of friendship and trust, thus averting a civil war. This episode highlights the leadership of Colonel David Folsom and the complex dynamics of the Choctaw Nation during a pivotal moment in their history.
The Cravat and LeFlore families are significant figures among the Choctaws. John Cravat, a Frenchman, integrated into the community through marriage, fathering notable descendants. Major Louis LeFlore and his brother Michael, also of French descent, played crucial roles in the Choctaw Nation, with Louis becoming a respected chief. Their lineage boasts influential figures, including Basil LeFlore, renowned for his moral integrity and public service. The families contributed to the cultural and historical landscape of the Choctaws, persisting as prominent citizens within the nation.