Tawakoni

Indian Warfare Between Texas and Mexico

Barracks of Fort Gibson

Major Chouteau’s expedition in 1836 sought to engage with the Wichita, Kiowa, and Comanche tribes, revealing their growing tensions amid ongoing warfare. After an arduous journey, he established connections but faced challenges as the Kiowa did not honor agreements to visit Fort Gibson. Reports indicated Mexican influence inciting prairie tribes against settlers, necessitating treaties to ensure peace and safety for traders. By May 1837, Chouteau successfully negotiated a treaty with the Kiowa and others, aiming to quell rising conflicts and stabilize the region.

Tawakoni Indians

Tawakoni Indians. Said to refer to “a river bend among red hills,” or “neck of land in the water.” The synonyms should not be confounded with those of the Tonkawa. Also called: Three Canes, an English form resulting from a mistaken attempt to translate the French spelling of their name, Troiscannes. Tawakoni Connections. The Tawakoni belonged to the Caddoan linguistic stock and were most closely connected with the Wichita, the two languages differing but slightly. Tawakoni Location. They were on the Canadian River about north of the upper Washita. (See also Texas.) Tawakoni Villages Flechazos, on the west side of … Read more

Push-ma-ta-ha, Choctaw Indian Chief

Grave in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, DC, a National Historic Landmark. Peter Perkins Pitchlynn, d. 1881, Choctaw chief

Push-ma-ta-ha – Pushmataha (Apushim-alhtaha, ‘the sapling is ready, or finished, for him.’ Halvert). A noted Choctaw, of unknown ancestry , born on the east bank of Noxuba Creek in Noxubee County, Mississippi in 1764; died at Washington D.C., Dec 24, 1824.  before he was 20 years of age he distinguished himself in an expedition against the Osage, west of the Mississippi.  The boy disappeared early in a conflict that lasted all day, and on rejoining the Choctaw warriors was jeered at and accused of cowardice, whereon Push-ma-ta-ha replied “Let those laugh who can show more scalps than I can,” forthwith producing five … Read more