North Dakota

Prominent American Bakers of Today

The post lists notable individuals across various professions and regions in the United States. Each entry includes details such as name, occupation, birthplace, and significant achievements. Figures range from clergymen and educators to artists and politicians, highlighting their contributions to society, like authorship, leadership in educational institutions, and involvement in wartime efforts. The compendium serves as a rich tapestry of the influential people shaping American culture and industry during their time.

North Dakota Land Patents – Devils Lake Sioux Tribe

A detailed list of North Dakota land patents for the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe, showing patentee names, dates, document numbers, and accession numbers. The record includes many individual Native and settler names tied to land transactions between 1904 and 1919, offering a historical reference for tribal land ownership and federal patent records.

Treaty of February 19, 1867

On February 19, 1867, a treaty was established between the United States and the Sissiton and Warpeton bands of Dakota Sioux. The agreement acknowledged the loyalty of these bands during past conflicts and aimed to address their homelessness due to the confiscation of annuities. It included provisions for land reservations, agricultural support, and measures to promote civilized living. The treaty required the Sioux to assist in preventing hostilities from other tribes and mandated the establishment of local governance to oversee their welfare and agricultural development.

Treaty of March 8, 1865

On March 8, 1865, the United States and the Winnebago tribe formalized a treaty in Washington, D.C. The Winnebago ceded their Dakota reservation to the U.S. in exchange for land in Nebraska and provisions to ensure their well-being. The agreement promised infrastructure, including mills, agricultural support, and various supplies, to aid their transition. Additionally, the U.S. committed to relocating the Winnebago and assisting them for a year after their arrival at the new site, demonstrating a significant governmental obligation toward the tribe during a tumultuous period.

Treaty of March 10, 1865

On March 10, 1865, a supplementary treaty was established between the United States and the Ponca tribe, facilitated by Commissioner William P. Dole and tribal leaders. The Poncas ceded approximately 30,000 acres of their reservation while receiving compensation in the form of additional land, including their old burying grounds and corn-fields. The United States agreed to pay the Poncas $15,080 for previous spoliation and covered negotiation expenses, emphasizing the ongoing relationship and promises made to the tribe following their loyalty.

Treaty of April 29, 1868

The Treaty of April 29, 1868, marked a pivotal peace agreement between the U.S. government and various Sioux tribes. It established a promise of lasting peace, delineated a designated reservation for the Sioux, and outlined support for agricultural development and education. The treaty also mandated that both parties would ensure accountability for wrongdoing, stipulated provisions for land selection and ownership, and sought to protect Sioux rights to hunt and oppose railroads. Ultimately, the treaty sought to formalize a cooperative relationship and mitigate conflict.

Treaty of June 19, 1858 – Mdwekakanton

On June 19, 1858, a treaty was established between the United States and the Mendawakanton and Wahpakoota bands of the Dakota Sioux, led by their chiefs in Washington, D.C. The agreement included provisions for land allotments, financial compensation for ceded territories, and the establishment of regulations governing the reservation. The treaty emphasized the preservation of peace, the management of the bands’ affairs by the U.S. government, and the importance of avoiding intemperance among the tribes. Provisions for military and agricultural improvements were also included.

Treaty of June 19, 1858 – Sisseton

On June 19, 1858, representatives of the Sisseton and Wahpaton bands of the Dakota or Sioux tribe entered into an agreement with the U.S. government. This treaty aimed to establish reservation lands for the bands, allowing for individual allotments and communal land retention. It also addressed compensation for land on the north side of the Minnesota River and set provisions for self-governance, the management of annuities, and the maintenance of peaceful relations. The agreement emphasized their dependence on the U.S. and pledged to uphold certain laws and regulations.

Treaty of April 19, 1858

On April 19, 1858, the Yancton Sioux chiefs and U.S. Commissioner Charles E. Mix formalized a treaty ceding most of their lands to the United States while retaining a reservation of 400,000 acres. The agreement included annual annuities and provisions for education and assistance in agriculture. Additionally, the Yanctons pledged to maintain peace and refrain from harm to U.S. citizens. Violations could lead to loss of benefits, demonstrating their dependence on federal support while they adapted to a new way of life.

Treaty of July 23, 1851

On July 23, 1851, a treaty was signed at Traverse des Sioux between the U.S. government and the Dakota Sioux Indians, represented by their chiefs. The Sioux ceded their lands in Iowa and a significant portion of Minnesota in exchange for $1.665 million intended for education, agriculture, and support during their relocation. The treaty established a perpetual peace and included provisions for the prohibition of alcohol in the ceded territories. Additionally, the U.S. promised to create rules for the protection of the Sioux’s rights and property.

Treaty of March 12, 1858

On March 12, 1858, the United States and leaders of the Ponca tribe signed a treaty in Washington, D.C. The Poncas ceded their lands while reserving a specific tract for their future homes. In return, the U.S. promised financial aid, support for education, and agricultural resources. The treaty emphasized the Poncas’ dependence on U.S. governance, stipulating they would maintain friendly relations with settlers and refrain from violence, with provisions for penalties for violations. This agreement was foundational for the Poncas’ transition and adaptation to new circumstances.

Treaty of September 24, 1857

On September 24, 1857, the United States, represented by James W. Denver, signed a treaty with the Pawnee tribe, which includes various provisions for land cession and support. The Pawnees ceded land while reserving a tract for their future homes and agreed to receive annual payments from the government. The treaty also established educational initiatives, provisions for agricultural assistance, and a commitment to maintain peace. The Pawnees pledged their loyalty to the U.S. and promised to assist in maintaining order within their community.

Treaty of August 5, 1851

On August 5, 1851, a treaty was signed at Mendota between the United States and the Med-ay-wa-kan-toan and Wah-pay-koo-tay bands of Dakota Sioux Indians. It established perpetual peace and friendship while the bands ceded all land rights in Minnesota and Iowa to the U.S. In return, the U.S. agreed to pay $1,410,000 for their relocation and provide funds for education and agriculture. It also enforced laws against alcohol in the ceded territory and included provisions for the protection of the Indians’ rights.