Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico

Hodge, Frederick Webb, Compiler. The Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Government Printing Office. 1906.

Assiniboin Indian Clans, Bands and Gens

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry.  Often very little information is known or they no longer exist.  We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Chabin (from ge ‘mountain’). A division of the Assiniboin. Maximilian, Trav., 194, 1843. Eagle Hills Assiniboin. A band of Assiniboin of 35 lodges living in 1808 between Bear hills and South Saskatchewan r., Assiniboia Canada. Henry Thompson Jour., Coues ed., ii, 523. 1897 Gens de Pied (French: foot people). A former band of Assiniboin in 33 lodges w. of Eagle hills, Assiniboia, Canada. Henry (1808) in Coues, New … Read more

Assegun Tribe

Assegun Indians (probably from Chippewa ŭ’shigŭn ‘black bass.’ W. J.) A traditional tribe said to have occupied the region about Mackinaw and Sault Ste Marie on the first coming of the Ottawa and Chippewa, and to have been driven by them southward through lower Michigan.  They are said, and apparently correctly, to have been either connected with the Mascouten or identical with that tribe, and to have made the bone deposits in northern Michigan. For Further Study The following articles and manuscripts will shed additional light on the Assegun as both an ethnological study, and as a people. Mascouten Tribe

Ascahcutoner Tribe

Ascahcutoner Indians. Mentioned by Balbi as a tribe be longing to his Sioux-Osage family, apparently associating them with the Teton. Not identified.

Asa Tribe

Asa (Tansy: mustard), A phratral organization of the Hopi, comprising the Chakwaina (Black Earth kachina), Asa  Kwingyap (Oak), Hosboa (Chapparal cock) , Posiwu (Magpie), Chisro (Snow bunting), Puchkohu (Boomerang hunting-stick), and Pisha (Field-mouse) clans. In early days this people lived near Abiquiu, in the Chama River region of New Mexico, at a village called Kaekibi, and stopped successively at the pueblos of Santo Domingo, Laguna, Acoma, and Zuñi before reaching Tusayan, some of their families remaining at each of these pueblos, except Acoma. At Zuñi their descendants form the Aiyaho clan. On reaching Tusayan the Posiwu, Puchkohu, and Pisha clans … Read more

Arosaguntacook Tribe

Arosaguntacook Indians: A tribe of the Abnaki confederacy, formerly living in Androscoggin County, Maine. Their village, which bore the same name, was on Androscoggin River, probably near Lewiston. The various names used indiscriminately for the tribe and the river may be resolved into the forms Ammoscoggin and Arosaguntacook, which have received different interpretations, all seeming to refer to the presence of fish in the stream . The name seems to have been used only for the part of the river in Androscoggin County between the falls near Jay and those near Lewiston. The present name was obtained by changing the … Read more

Armouchiquois Tribe

Armouchiquois Indians (apparently a French corruption of Alemousiski, ‘land of the little dog,’ from allum ‘dog’ ousis deminutive, ac or auk ‘land’, “for there wer many little dogs in the prairies of this territory.” –Maurault). The name given by the Abnaki to the country of the Indians of the New England coast south of Sacro river, Maine. Williamson says they were the Marechites (Malecite) of St. John’s River, but Champlain, who visited the Armouchiquois country, says that it lies beyond, that is south of Choüacoet (Sokoki), and that the language differed from that of the Souriquois (Micmac) and the Etchimin. … Read more

Arizona Indian Reservations

A list of Arizona Indian reservations showing the Indian tribes the land was set aside for, the amount of acres if known, and the acts, treaties, and executive orders used to establish the reservation.

Arivaipa Apache Tribe

Arivaipa Apache Indians, Arivaipa Indians (Nevome Pima: aarirapa, ‘girls,’ possibly applied to these people on account of some unmanly act). An Apache tribe that formerly made its home in the canyon of Arivaipa Creek, a tributary of the Rio San Pedro, south Arizona, although like the Chiricahua and other Apache of Arizona they raided far southward and were reputed to have laid waste every town in northern Mexico as far as the Gila prior to the Gadsden purchase in 1853, and with having exterminated the Sobaipuri, a Piman tribe, in the latter part of the 18th century. In 1863 a company … Read more

Arikara Indian Clans, Bands and Gens

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry.  Often very little information is known or they no longer exist.  We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Foxes. An Arikara band. Culbertson in Smithson. Rep. 1850, 143, 1851. Hachepiriinu (young dogs) A former Arikara band under chief Chinanitu, The Brother. Hia (‘band of Cree’) .A former Arikara band under chief Cherenakuta, or Yellow Wolf. Hosukhaunu (foolish dogs). Given as an Arikara band under chief Sithauche about 1855, but properly a dance society. Hosukhaunukarerihu (little foolish dogs ). Given as an Arikara band under chief Tigaranish … Read more

Arikara Indian Chiefs and Leaders

The following are biographies of Arikara Indian Chiefs and Leaders. Biography of Bloody Knife A famous Arikara warrior and chief, who was long in the Government service. His father was a Hunkpapa Sioux and his mother an Arikara. He was born on the Hunkpapa Reservation, North Dakota

Arawak Tribe

Arawak Indians, Arawakan Colony. In addition to the many proofs of constant communication between the tribes of Florida and those of the West Indian Islands from the earliest period, it is definitely known that a colony of Indians from Cuba, in quest of the same mythic fountain of youth for which Ponce de Leon afterward searched, landed on the south west coast of Florida, within the territory of the Calusa, about the period of the discovery of America, and that they were held as prisoners by the chief of that tribe and formed into a settlement whose people kept their … Read more

Arapahoe Tribe

Powder Face And Squaw. Northern Arapaho

Arapahoe Indians, Arapaho Tribe, Arapaho Indians. An important Plains tribe of the great Algonquian family, closely associated with the Cheyenne for at least a century past. They call themselves Iñunaina, about equivalent to ‘our people.’ The name by which they are commonly known is of uncertain derivation, but it may possibly be, as Dunbar suggests, from the Pawnee tirapihu or larapihu, ‘trader.’ By the Sioux and Cheyenne they are called ” Blue-sky men ” or “Cloud men,” the reason for which is unknown.

Arapaho Indian Tribal Divisions

They recognize among themselves five main divisions, each speaking a different dialect and apparently representing as many originally distinct but cognate tribes, viz: (1) Nákasine’na, Báachinena, or Northern Arapaho. Nakasinena, `sagebrush men,’ is the name used by themselves. Baachinena, `red willow men (?),’ is the name by which they were commonly known to the rest of the tribe. The Kiowa distinguished them as Tägyäko, `sagebrush people,’ a translation of their proper name. They keep the sacred tribal articles, and are considered the nucleus or mother tribe of the Arapaho, being indicated in the sign language (q. v.) by the sign … Read more

Arapaho Indian Clans, Bands and Gens

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry.  Often very little information is known or they no longer exist.  We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Forks of the River Men. A band of the Arapaho, q. v. Gawunena. A band of the Arapaho, q. v. Greasy Faces. A band of the Arapaho, q. v. Hanahawunena (‘rock men’. Kroeber). A division of the Northern Arapaho, now practically extinct. Haqihana (wolves). A local band of the Arapaho, q. v.

Arapaho Chiefs and Leaders

LIttle Raven

Nawat Nawat (‘Left-hand’ ). The principal chief of the Southern Arapaho since the death of Little Raven in 1889. He was born about 1840, and because noted as a warrior and buffalo hunter, taking active part in the western border wars until the treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867, since which time his people, as a tribe, have remained at peace with the whites. In 1890 he took the lead in signing the allotment agreement opening the reservation to white settlement, notwithstanding the Cheyenne, in open council, had threatened death to anyone who signed. He several times visited Washington in … Read more