Explanation of Enrollment Process
Explanation of Enrollment Process
Creek
Search the Dawes Rolls 1898-1914
The Dawes Roll (Final Rolls) is a list of those members of the Five Civilized Tribes who removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) during the 1800’s and were living there during the above dates. If your ancestor was not living in Indian Territory during 1898-1914 they will not be listed on the Dawes Roll! Only those Indians who RECEIVED LAND under the provisions of the Dawes Act are listed. It also lists those Freedmen who received land allotments as provided for in the Dawes Act. These pages can be searched to discover the enrollee’s name, age, sex, blood degree, type, census card number and roll number. Check the headings in each column. Type denotes whether the record is from a Dawes card.
Dawes Final Rolls Index
This is the index to the Dawes Final Rolls, listing individuals eligible for enrollment in the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory. Each entry includes the enrollee’s name, final roll number, blood quantum, and index page.
Black Drink
Black drink, also known as Carolina tea or ássi-lupútski among the Creek, is a decoction made from the leaves of Ilex cassine, valued by Indigenous tribes in the Gulf states for its medicinal and ceremonial uses. Traditionally consumed for mental and physical invigoration before councils and during harvest festivities, this beverage has purgative and stimulating properties due to its caffeine content. The preparation involved careful roasting and boiling of the leaves, and it remains of cultural significance among southern tribes today.
Linguistic Groups Of The Gulf States
The history of the Creeks reveals their interactions, primarily hostile, with neighboring tribes. This post outlines various tribes and their languages, emphasizing that language serves as a valuable tool for classification, though not definitive of race. The enumeration begins with the extinct Timucua family and covers tribes along the southeastern U.S. and the Gulf States, like the Yuchi and Atákapa. It highlights that some tribes may remain undocumented, as historical focus often favored ethnography over linguistic study.
Biography of General William Mcintosh
William McIntosh, a prominent leader of the Muscogee or Creek Nation, was born in Coweta to a Scotch father and a native mother. His military service included significant roles in the War of 1812 and the Florida campaign. However, he faced backlash from his people for signing treaties that ceded Creek lands to Georgians, leading to his murder in 1825 by a group of Creeks. Despite his bravery in combat, he was ultimately betrayed and killed in front of his family, with his death symbolizing deep divisions within the Creek Nation.
Biography of General William Augustus Bowles
General William Augustus Bowles, born in 1764 in Maryland, joined the British army during the American Revolution but was dismissed after a brief period. He later allied with Creek Indians, marrying a chief’s daughter and rising to prominence among them. Bowles engaged in piracy against American merchants and opposed Colonel McGillivray’s leadership. Captured by Spaniards in 1792, he escaped but was eventually recaptured and died in a Havana dungeon. His actions significantly influenced Georgia’s relations with the Creek Indians during this tumultuous period.
Biography of General Alexander McGillivray
General Alexander McGillivray, born to a Scottish father and a Creek mother, rose to prominence as a leader and diplomat for the Creek Nation. Educated in New York and trained in commerce, he aligned with British royalists during the Revolutionary War, gaining military rank. After the war, he sought to preserve Creek lands amid increasing encroachments by Georgians, negotiating treaties with Spain and the U.S. Despite his significant influence, he faced opposition, particularly from rival leaders. McGillivray died in 1793, leaving a lasting legacy among his people.