Earliest Known Traders on Arkansas River

Country Home of Augustus Pierre Chauteau

Before the Louisiana Purchase, early French traders, notably Joseph Bogy, ventured along the Arkansas River, engaging in commerce with local Indian tribes, such as the Osage. Bogy’s expeditions included confronting Choctaw opposition in 1807, leading to government claims for losses. Prominent figures included Nathaniel Pryor and A. P. Chouteau, who established trading posts at the mouth of the Verdigris. These traders influenced the region’s economy, exchanging goods like furs and providing items such as tobacco and tools to Native Americans, fostering significant cultural exchanges.

1910 Census of Fort Shaw Industrial Indian School

Girls at the Fort Shaw Indian School

Fort Shaw Industrial Indian Boarding School, established in Montana in 1891, ceased operations on June 30, 1910, due to decreasing enrollment. Known for its 1904 girls basketball team, which won a championship at the St. Louis World’s Fair, the school played a significant role in Indigenous education during its tenure. The 1910 census was compiled under the Department of the Interior to record enrolled students as part of Circular #448. Relevant records are preserved in the National Archives and the Family History Library.