Sokoki (apparently a contraction of Abenaki Sakukiak, ‘people at the outlet.’-— Gerard. See Abenaki). A tribe closely connected with the Abenaki and probably a part of the confederacy. Vetromile considered them as distinct. 1. He says: “Only five nations are reckoned in New England and Acadia, namely, the Mohegans, the Sokoquis, the. Abnakis, the Etchimins, and the Micmacs.” He and Ruttenber 2 place them in the Mahican group. On the other hand, Williamson 3 and Maurault say they belonged to the Abnaki group, which is probably the correct conclusion. The Pequawket and Ossipee, on the upper Saco, were apparently branches of this tribe (Kidder in Maine Historical Society Collections, VI, 235, 1859). The tribe, including these, occupied the banks of Saco River, Maine, the Sokoki being nearest to the mouth. Ruttenber believed they had occupied the west bank of Hudson River above Mohawk River until driven out by the Mohawk in 1626. There is no reason to doubt, however, that the Indians Champlain found in 1604 at the mouth of the Saco, were of this tribe. Smith (1616) mentions Sowocatuck, perhaps their chief village. Champlain has preserved the name of one of the sachems of this people, Marchim, of Casco bay, “who had the reputation of being one of the bravest men of his country, and he had a fine manner, and all his gestures and movements were grave and dignified, savage though he was.” The Sokoki are described by Gorges in 1658 as enemies of the Abnaki. They participated in King Philip’s War in 1675, and some of them fled to Scaticook on the Hudson at its close. In 1725 the rest of the tribe retired to St Francis, Canada, with the Pequawket and others.
Glossary of Sokoki
Assok8ekik.—Jesuit Relations for 1646, 3, 1858.
Chouacoët.—Jesuit Relations for 1611, 15, 1858.
Onejagese.—Ft. Orange Conference (1663) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, XIII, 298, 1881 (Iroquois name).
Patsuikets.—Maurault, Joseph Pierre Anselme. Histoire des Abénakis depuis 1605 jusqu’à nos jours. Sorel, Canada: Imprimé à l’atelier typographique de la Gazette de Sorel, 5, 1866.
Sacoes.—Willis (1830) in Maine Historical Society Collections, 1, 215, 1865.
Saco Indians, —Niles (ca. 1761) in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 3d s., VI, 206, 1837.
Sawocotuck.—Smith (1629), Virginia, II, 193, reprint of 1819.
Soccokis.—Lahontan, Baron de (Louis-Armand de Lom d’Arce). New Voyages to North-America. London: H. Bonwicke, T. Goodwin, M. Wotton, B. Tooke, and S. Manship, 1703. 2 vols., I, 230, 1708.
Soccoquis.—Monseignat (1689) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, IX 471, 1855,
Soccouky.— Agean (1699) in Pierre Margry’s Découvertes et Établissements des Français dans l’Ouest et dans le Sud de l’Amérique septentrionale (1614–1754), VI, 115, 1886.
Sockegones.—Gorges (1658) in Maine Historical Society Collections, VII, 99,1876.
Sockhigones.—Gorges (1658) in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 3d s., v1, 90, 1887.
Socokis.—Drake, Samuel Gardner. The Book of the Indians: or, Biography and History of the Indians of North America, book 8, 102, 1848.
Socoquiois.—Jesuit Relations for 1643, 44, 1858.
Socoquis.—Talon (1670) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, IX, 66, 1855.
Socoquois.—Document of 1696, ibid., 650.
Socouky.—Agean (1699) in Pierre Margry’s Découvertes et Établissements des Français dans l’Ouest et dans le Sud de l’Amérique septentrionale (1614–1754), VI, 119, 1886.
Sohokies,—Keane, Augustus Henry. Contributions and ethnological appendices in Stanford’s Compendium of Geography and Travel. London: Edward Stanford, 536, 1878 (misprint).
Sokakies,— Macauley, James. The Natural, Statistical, and Civil History of the State of New-York. 3 vols. New York: Gould & Banks; Albany: W. Gould & Co., 11, 405, 1829.
Sokokies.—Colden (1727) quoted by Richardson, Sir John, ed. Arctic Searching Expedition: A Journal of a Boat-Voyage through Rupert’s Land and the Arctic Sea… 2 vols. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, II, 39, 1851.
Sokokiois.—Jesuit Relations for 1643, 67, 1858.
Sokokis.—Cadillac (1694) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, IX, 580, 1855.
Sokoquiois.—Jesuit Relations for 1646, 3, 1858.
Sokoquis.—French letter (1651) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, IX, 5,1855.
Sok8akiaks.—Maurault, Joseph Pierre Anselme. Histoire des Abénakis depuis 1605 jusqu’à nos jours. Sorel, Canada: Imprimé à l’atelier typographique de la Gazette de Sorel, 5, 1866.
Sokoueki.—Jesuit Relations for 1653, 26, 1858.
Soquachjck.—Ft Orange conf. (1663) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, XIII, 298, 1881.
Soquackicks.—Dareth (1664), ibid., 381.
Soquatucks.—Ruttenber, Edward Manning. History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson’s River: Their Origin, Manners and Customs, Tribal and Sub-Tribal Organizations, Wars, Treaties, etc., etc. Albany: J. Munsell, 41, 1872.
Soquokis.—Doc. of 1697 in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, IX, 669, 1855.
Soquoquis,—Memoir (1706), ibid., 796.
Soquoquisii.—Du Creux (1660) quoted by Vetromile in Maine Historical Society Collections, VI, 210, 1859.
Sowocatuck.—Smith (1616) in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 3d s., VI, 108, 1837.
Sowocotuck.—Smith (1616), in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 3d s., VI, 117, 1837.
Sowquackick,—Pynchon (1668) in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, XIII, 308, 1881.
Citations:
- Maine Historical Society Collections, VI, 211, 1859[↩]
- Ruttenber, Edward Manning. History of the Indian Tribes of Hudson’s River: Their Origin, Manners and Customs, Tribal and Sub-Tribal Organizations, Wars, Treaties, etc., etc. Albany: J. Munsell, 85, 1872[↩]
- Williamson, William D. The History of the State of Maine: From Its First Discovery, A.D. 1602, to the Separation, A.D. 1820, Inclusive. 2 vols. Hallowell, Maine: Glazier, Masters & Co., 1832[↩]