The article “The Illinois Indian Tribes in Archaic Times” explores the early history and cultural evolution of the Illinois Indian tribes, initially part of the Kentucky Indian Knoll type. These tribes, primarily hunters and fishermen, gradually formed villages, created pottery, and began small-scale agriculture during the early and middle Woodland periods. The arrival of the Mound Builder faith and ceremonial practices marked a significant cultural shift, leading to more elaborate burial customs and increased agricultural activity. In Northern Illinois, particularly Fulton County, the adoption of the new Ohio religion revitalized local communities, while Southern Illinois tribes, though adopting similar practices, retained many traditional ways. The article also highlights various tribes historically residing in Illinois, such as the Chippewa, Delaware, Fox, Kickapoo, Miami, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sauk, Shawnee, Winnebago, and Wyandot, detailing their movements, conflicts, and land cessions over time.