Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico Collections – Page 5 of 65

Unknown Tribes of Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. We have listed these bands by location as we can not find any other connection to tribes. Mississippi Amicoa. Mentioned by Coxe (Carolana, 14, 1741) as a tribe on the Honabanou, an imaginary river entering the Mississippi from the west, 15 leagues above the mouth of the Ohio. It is probably an imaginary tribe. Amilcou. Mentioned by Iberville in connection with the Biloxi, Moctobi, Huma, Paskagula, etc., as … Read more

Unami Tribe

Unami Indians. One of the principal divisions of the Delaware, formerly occupying the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River, from the junction of the Lehigh southward about the Delaware line. According to Brinton, many of the New Jersey Delaware were Unami who had crossed the Delaware to escape the inroads of the Conestoga, and Ruttenber classes with this division the Navasink, Raritan, Hackensack, Aquakanonk, Tappan and Haverstraw, of northern New Jersey. The Unami held precedence over the other Delaware. Their totem was the turtle (pakoango). According to Morgan, they were one of the three gentes of the Delaware, while Brinton … Read more

Unalachtigo Tribe

Unalachtigo Indians (properly W’nalātchtko, people who live near the ocean,’ because of their proximity to Delaware Bay – Brinton). The southernmost of the three main divisions of the Delaware, occupying the west bank of Delaware river, in Delaware, and probably also the east bank, in New Jersey, since many of the Delaware were forced to cross the river to escape the inroads of the Conestoga. Their totem was the turkey, whence they have been known as the Turkey tribe of the Delaware. According to Brinton the totem has no reference to gentes, but was merely the emblem of a geographic … Read more

Umpqua Tribe

Umpqua Indians. An Athapascan tribe formerly settled on upper Umpqua river, Oregon, east of the Katish. Hale said they were supposed to number not more than 400, having been greatly reduced by disease. They lived in houses of boards and mats and derived their sustenance mainly form the river. In 1902 there were 84 on Grande Ronde Reservation, Oregon. Their chief village was Hewut. A part of them, the Nahankhuotana, lived along Cow Creek. All the Athapascan tribes of south Oregon were once considered divisions of the Umpqua. Parker named as divisions the unidentified Palakahy, the uncertain Skoton and Chasta, … Read more

Umatilla Tribe

Umatilla Indians. A Shahaptian tribe formerly lining on Umatilla Reservation and the adjacent banks of the Columbia in Oregon. They were included under the Walla Walla by Lewis and Clark in 1805, though their language is distinct. In 1855 they joined in a treaty with the United States and settled on the Umatilla Reservation in eastern Oregon. They are said to number 250, but this figure is doubtful, owing to a mixture of tribes on the reservation.

Tyigh Tribe

Tyigh Indians. A Shahaptian tribe speaking the Tenino language and formerly occupying the country about Tygh and White rivers in Wasco County, Oregon. They took part in the Wasco treaty of 1855 and are now on the Warm Springs Reservation, Oregon. Their number is not reported, as they are classed under the indiscriminate term “Warm Springs Indians,” but in 1854 they were said to number 500, and in 1859, 450.

Two Kettles Sioux Tribe

Two Kettle Indians, Two Kettle Lakota, Oohenonpa Tribe, Oohenonpa Indians, (‘two boilings’ ). A division of the Teton Sioux, commonly known as Two Kettle Sioux, or Two Kettles; also a subdivision thereof. No mention of it is made by Lewis and Clark, Long, or other earlier explorers. It is stated in a note to De Smet’s Letters (1843) that the band was estimated at 800 persons. Culbertson (1850) estimated them at 60 lodges, but gives no locality and says they have no divisions. Gen. Warren (1856) found them much scattered among other bands and numbering about 100 lodges. Gumming places … Read more

Twana Tribe

Twana Indians. A Salish division living along both sides of Hoods canal, west Washington. The name is said to signify ‘a portage,’ the portage referred to being that between the head of Hoods canal and the headwaters of Puget Sound. According to Eells there are three bands, the Colcine, Skokomish and Tulalip. From the name of one of the bands all of them are sometimes called Skokomish. Population, about 265 in 1853. They are probably the Skokomish of the Indian Office reports, numbering 203 in 1909.

Twana Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Tututni Tribe

Tututni Indians. An Athapascan tribe or group of small tribes formerly occupying villages along lower Rogue River, Oregon, and on the coast north and south of its mouth. Parrish in 1854 located 8 bands on the coast and 3 on Rogue river.

Tutelo Tribe

Tutelo Indians. One of the eastern Siouan tribes, formerly living in Virginia and North Carolina, but now extinct. Hale first made it known that the Tutelo language pertained to the Siouan stock, a discovery which, followed by the investigations of Gatschet, Mooney, and J. O. Dorsey, brought to light the fact that a considerable group of Siouan tribes formerly inhabited the piedmont region of Virginia and the Carolinas.

Tutchonekutchin Tribe

Tutchonekutchin Indians, Tutchonekutchin People, Tutchonekutchin First Nation (‘Crow people’) A Kutchin tribe on Yukon River from Deer River to Ft. Selkik, Yukon Territory, Canada. They number about 1,100 and differ but little from their Kutchin neighbors below.

Tuscarora War

The rapid encroachment of the whites on the lands of the Tuscarora and their Indian neighbors for a period of sixty years after the first settlements, although there was an air of peace and harmony between the two races, there were wrongs which dwarfed in comparison with the continued practice of kidnapping their young to be sold into slavery. This was the true cause of the so-called Tuscarora war in 1711-13. This phase of the question is overlooked or quite disregarded by most historians; but years before the massacre of 1711, Tuscarora Indians were brought into Pennsylvania and sold as … Read more

Tuscarora Tribe

Tuscarora Indians, Tuscarora Nation (Skurū’rěn’, ‘hemp gatherers,’ the Apocynum cunnabinum, or Indian hemp, being a plant of many uses among the Carolina Tuscarora; the native form of this appellative is impersonal, there being no expressed pronominal affix to indicate person, number, or gender). Formerly an important confederation of tribes, speaking languages cognate with those of the Iroquoian linguistic group, and dwelling, when first encountered, on the Roanoke, Neuse, Taw (Torhunta or Narhontes), and Pamlico Rivers., North Carolina.

Tuscarora Indian Ethnology

Tunxis Tribe

Tunxis Indians (from Wuttunkshau, `the point where the river bends.’-Trumbull). An important tribe that lived on middle Farmington river near the great bend, about where Farmington and Southington Hartford County, Connecticut, are now. They were subject at an early period to Sequassen, the sachem who sold Hartford to the English. Ruttenber includes them in the Wappinger. They sold the greater part of their territory in 1610. About 1700 they still had a village of 20 wigwams at Farmington, but in 1761 there were only 4 or 5 families left.

Tunica Tribe

Tunica Indians (ta, an article; uni, ‘people’; ka, nominal suflix.-Gatschet). A tribe, forming a distinct linguistic family known as Tonikan, formerly dwelling on the lower Mississippi. The Tunica are prominent in the early history of the lower Mississippi region because of their attachment to the French and the faithful service rendered them as allies in contests with neighboring tribes. When first visited they lived in Mississippi on lower Yazoo River. In 1699 La Source estimated the number of their cabins at about 260, scattered over 4 leagues of country. He states that they lived entirely on Indian corn and did … Read more

Tulalip Tribe

Tulalip Indians. One of three divisions of the Twana, a Salish tribe on the west side of Hood canal, Washington. This branch according to Eells, lives on a small stream, near the head of the canal, called Dulaylip. The name has also been given to a reservation on the west side of Puget Sound.

Tukkuthkutchin Tribe

Tukkuthkutchin Indians (‘squint-eyed people’) A Kutchin tribe at the head of Porcupine River, occupying the territory between the headwaters of Porcupine river and Ft. McPherson, in the northern Yukon Territory, Canada. Their eyes are frequently small and oblique, hence their name. Although barbarous they are more intelligent than other tribes. They are a commercial people, living by barter. Though good hunters, rarely lacking food, they do not hunt furs, but exchange their beads, which form the circulating medium for the peltry of the neighboring tribes. They are fond of oratorical display, and in their harangues the voice of the speaker … Read more

Tübatulabal Tribe

Tübatulabal Indians (‘pine-nut eaters,’ Merriam). A small tribe which formerly inhabited the valley of Kern river, south California above the falls extending probably to the river’s source, but centering especially about the junction of the main and south forks. With the Bankalachi they constitute one of the four principal coordinate branches of the Shoshonean family.