Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico Collections – Page 48 of 65

Creek Tribe

Yoholo-Micco. A Creek Chief, from History of the Indian Tribes of North America

Creek Indians. A confederacy forming the largest division of the Muskhogean family. They received their name form the English on account of the numerous streams in their country. Where did the Creek Indian tribe live? During early historic times the Creek occupied the greater portion of Alabama and Georgia, residing chiefly on Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, the two largest tributaries of the Alabama river and on the Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers. They claimed the territory on the east from the Savannah to St. Johns river and all the islands, thence to Apalachee Bay, and from this line northward to the … Read more

Creek Indian Towns and Villages

Below is a list of the Creek towns and villages. The smaller contained 20 to 30 cabins and the larger as many as 200. Tukabatchi, the largest, is said to have had 386 families in 1832. The towns were composed of irregular clusters of 4 to 8 houses, each cluster being occupied by the representatives of a clan. Upper Creek towns Abihka, Abikudshi, Alkehatchee, Anatichapko, Assilanapi, Atasi, Atchinaalgi, Atchinahatchi, Aucheucaula, Canjauda, Cayomulgi, Chakihlako, Chananagi, Chatoksofki, Chatukchufaula, Chiaha, Cholocco Litabixee, Conaliga, Coosahatchi, Cow Towns, Eufaula, Fusihatchi, Ghuaclahatche, Hatchichapa, Hillabi, Hlanudshiapala, Hlaphlako, Hlahlokalka, Huhliwahli, Ikanachaka, Ikanhatki, Imukfa, Ipisogi, Istapoga, Istudshilaika, Kailaidshi, Keroff, … Read more

Creek Indian Clans

Creek Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Mary Bosomworth A noted Creek Indian woman, also known as Mary Mathews and Mary Musgrove, who created much trouble for the Georgia colonial government about 1752, nearly rousing the Creek confederacy to war against the English. She seems to have been of high standing among her own people, being closely related to leading chiefs both of the Upper and Lower Creeks, possessed of unusual intelligence and knowledge of English, for which reason, and to secure her good will, Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony, made her his interpreter and negotiator with the Indians at a salary of $500 per year. … Read more

Creek Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Chukotalgi (toad). An extinct Creek clan, closely affiliated with the Toad or Sopaktalgi clan. Fusualgi. The Forest Bird (?) clan of the Creeks Hlahloalgi (fish people). An extinct Creek clan. Hutalgalgi (hútali ‘wind ‘, algi people). A principal Creek clan. Isfanalgi. An extinct clan of the Creeks, said by Gatschet to be seemingly analogous to the Ishpani phratry and clan of the Chickasaw. Itamalgi. A Creek clan. Itchhasualgi (itchhasua ‘beaver’, algi … Read more

Cree Tribe

Cree Indians, Cree First Nation (contracted from Kristinaux, French form of Kenistenoag, given as one of their own names). An important Algonquian tribe of British America whose former habitat was in Manitoba and Assiniboin, between Red and Saskatchewan rivers. They ranged northeastward down Nelson river to the vicinity of Hudson Bay, and northwestward almost to Athabasca lake. When they first became known to the Jesuit missionaries a part of them resided in the region of James Bay, as it is stated as early as 1640 that “they dwell on the rivers of the north sea where Nipissing go to trade … Read more

Cree Indian Divisions

Cree Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Alimibegouek (probably cognate with the Chippewa Ŭnĭmĭbigog, they that live by the river . Win. Jones). Mentioned as one of the four divisions of the Cree, living on L. Alimibeg (Nipigon?), which discharges into L. Superior, Ontario. Creuxius places them immediately N. of the lake, near the s. end of Hudson bay. What part of the Cree of modern times these include is not determinable. Ayabaskawininiwug. A division … Read more

Coyotero Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Destchetinaye (tree in a spring of water). A Coyotero band or clan at San Carlos agency, Ariz., in 1881; considered by Bourke (Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 112, 1890) to be an offshoot of a former clan of which the Titsessenaye also formed part.

Coyotero Apache Tribe

Coyoteros Indians, Coyoteros Tribe (Span.: wolf-men; so called in consequence, it is said, of their subsisting partly on coyotes or prairie wolves; but it seems more probable that the name was applied on account of their roving habit

Cowlitz Tribe

Cowlitz Indians. A Salish tribe formerly on the river of the same name in south west Washington. Once numerous and powerful, they were said by Gibbs in 1853 to be insignificant, numbering with the Upper Chehalis, with whom they, were mingled, not more than 165. About 1887 there were 127 on Puyallup Reservation, Washington. They are no longer known by this name, being evidently officially classed as Chehalis.

Cowichan Tribe

Cowichan Indians. A group of Salish tribes speaking a single dialect and occupying the SE coast of Vancouver island between Nonoos bay and Sanitch inlet.

Counting Coup

Counting Coup (blow, stroke). The French-Canadian term adopted to designate the formal token or signal of victory in battle, as used among the Plains tribes. Coups are usually “counted,” as it was termed that is, credit of victory was taken, for three brave deeds, viz, killing an enemy, scalping an enemy, or being first to strike an enemy either alive or dead. Each one of these entitled a man to rank as a warrior and to recount the exploit in public; but to be first to touch the enemy was regarded as the bravest deed of all, as it implied … Read more

Cotonam Tribe

Cotonam Indians. A tribe affiliated with the Carrizos of the Coahuiltecan family and living in their vicinity, though their dialect differs largely from the Comecrudo language. The last of this tribe were at La Noria rancheria, in south Hidalgo County, Texas, in 1886, and one man at Las Prietas was slightly acquainted with the native dialect. They call an Indian χaíma, and are the Xaimame or Haname of the Texan tribes farther north. The Tonkawa say that the Cotonam were not cannibals and that they wore sandals instead of moccasins.

Cosumni Tribe

Cosumni Indians. A tribe, probably Moquelumnan, formerly residing on or near Cosumnes River, San Joaquin County, California. According to Rice these Indians went almost naked; their houses were of bark, sometimes thatched with grass and covered with earth: the bark was loosened from the trees by repeated blows with stone hatchets, the latter having the head fastened to the handle with deer sinew. Their ordinary weapons were bows and stone-tipped arrows. The women made finely woven conical baskets of grass, the smaller ones of which held water. Their amusements were chiefly dancing and football; the dances, however, were in some … Read more

Costanoan Tribe

Costanoan Indian Tribe

Costanoan Family Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Chalone. A division of the Costanoan family of California which resided E. of Soledad mission, with which they were connected. Chalone villages are mentioned as follows: Aspasniagan, Chulare, Ekgiagan, Eslanagan, Goatcharones, Ichenta, and Yumanagan. Eslanagan, how ever, may be Esselen; the Goatcharones are undoubtedly the Wacharones of San Juan Bautista, and the Yumanagan are probably the Ymunacam of San Carlos mission, who are also ascribed to the Kalindaruk … Read more

Coree Tribe

Coree Indians. A tribe, possibly Algonquian, formerly occupying the peninsulas of Neuse river, in Carteret and Craven counties, North Carolina. They had been greatly reduced in a war with another tribe before 1696, and were described by Archdale as having been a bloody and barbarous people. Lawson refers to them as Coranine Indians, but in another place calls them Connamox, and gives them two villages in 1701–Coranine and Raruta–with about 125 souls. They engaged in the Tuscarora war of 1711, and in 1715 the remnants of the Coree and Machapunga were assigned a tract on Mattamuskeet Lake, Hyde County, North … Read more

Copehan Tribe

Copehan Indians, Copehan Family. A linguistic stock formerly occupying a large territory in California, from Suisun and San Pablo bays on the south to Mt Shasta and the country of the Shastan family on the north. Starting from the north, the east boundary ran a few miles east of McCloud river to its junction with the Sacramento and thence to Redding, a large triangle east of Sacramento river belonging to the Copehan; and from Redding down the boundary was about 10 miles east of Sacramento river, but south of Chico it was confined to the west bank. On the west … Read more

Coosuc Tribe

Coosuc Indians (from koash ‘pine’, ak ‘at: at the pine’). A small band, probably of the Pennacook, formerly living about the junction of the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc with the Connecticut, in Coos and Grafton counties, New Hampshire Their village, called Coos or Coosuc, seems to have been near the mouth of the Lower Ammonoosuc. They were driven off by the English in 1704 and joined the St Francis Indians, where they still kept up the name about 1809. See Also: Coosucks and St. Francis Indians of Lamoille County, Vermont