Adamstown Indians or Upper Mattaponi Band
The Adamstown Indians, residing south of the Mattaponi River, are a recognized group of about 75 individuals with strong ties to their Powhatan heritage. This band, often referred to as the Upper Mattaponi, traces its origins to the village marked as Passaunhick on Captain John Smith’s 1612 map. Notably, they have never been enslaved and have maintained a separate identity, operating an independent school since state recognition. Their organization was established in 1923, largely comprising members of the Adams family, with roots possibly linked to the Nantaughtacund tribe.