Appalachian Colonists from the Mediterranean Basin

1591 Floridae Americae Provinciae Map

In the Southeastern United States, rural “old families” display diverse ancestries that blur the lines between European, African, and indigenous roots. Many identify as Cajun, Melungeon, or similar, often claiming ties to Native American tribes without substantial evidence. Notably, some families possess Jewish surnames but have long identified as Christians, losing touch with their heritage. In contrast, a distinct mestizo population in the Appalachian mountains has maintained its identity for centuries, often referring to themselves as Melungeons, recognizing their unique differences from neighboring groups.