Hodge, Frederick Webb, Compiler. The Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Government Printing Office. 1906.
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Gunasquamekook (long gravel bar joining the island). A former Passamaquoddy village on the site of St Andrews, New Brunswick, on Passamaquoddy bay. The Indians were dispossessed by the whites and were finally settled at Pleasant Point, Me. Vetromile, Abnakis, 55, 1866.
Fur trade. The fur trade was an important factor in the conquest and settlement of North America by the French and the English. Canada and the great W. and N. W. were long little more to the world than the Fur Country. Lahontan (New Voy., i, 53, 1703) said: “Canada subsists only upon the trade of skins or furs, three-fourths of which come from the people that live around the great lakes.” Long before his time the profit to be gained in the fur traffic with distant tribes encouraged adventurers to make their way to the Mississippi and beyond, while … Read more
French influence. The influence of the French colonists on the Indians began very early. The use of glass beads in barter gave an impetus to the fur trade, and the speedy introduction of other commodities of trade led to long-continued associations with the Iroquoian tribes in particular. The influence of the French missionaries on many of the Indian tribes was marked; for example, the Montagnais and the Huron in the early days. The supply of peltries was increased by furnishing the Indians with firearms, which enabled them to travel with impunity and gave them a superiority over the neighboring tribes … Read more
Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry. Often very little information is known or they no longer exist. We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Dog. A former division of the Foxes.
Fox Indians (trans. in plural of wagosh, ‘red fox,’ the name of a clan). An Algonquian tribe, so named, according to Fox tradition recorded by Dr. William Jones, because once while some Wagohugi, members of the Fox clan, were hunting, they met the French, who asked who they were; the Indians gave the name of their clan, and ever since the whole tribe has been known by the name of the Fox clan. Their own name for themselves, according to the same authority, is Měshkwa`kihŭg’, ‘red-earth people,’ because of the kind of earth from which they are supposed to have … Read more
Fox Indian Social Organization
Fort Ancient. A prehistoric Indian fortification in Warren County, Ohio. It is situated on a headland, from 260 to 280 ft high, which projects from a plateau and overlooks the E. bank of Miami River. The slopes are mostly steep and in several places precipitous. The place is naturally a strong one, the elevated area being flanked by two ravines that approach each-other some distance back from the point of the bluff, forming a peninsula of this front part with a narrow isthmus behind it. This divides the fort into two unequal portions, the smaller one embracing the peninsula known … Read more
Footprint sculptures. Among relics of undetermined use and significance left by the vanished tribes are numerous representations of human footprints, often regarded as actual footprints made while the rock material was still plastic. They are sculptured in slabs or masses, generally of sandstone, and show a varying degrees of skill in execution. Representations of tracks of men and beasts also occur frequently in pictographs painted and sculptured on rock surfaces. In this connection they probably served to designate particular creatures or beings, the direction of their movements, the number of individuals, etc., but the larger well-sculptured footprints represented in museum … Read more
Flathead. A name applied to several different tribes usually owing to the fact that they were accustomed to flatten the heads of their children artificially. In S. E. United States the Catawba and Choctaw were sometimes designated by the term Flatheads, and the custom extended to nearly all Muskhogean tribes as well as to the Natchez and the Tonika. In the N. W. the Chinook of Columbia River, many of the Vancouver Island Indians, and most of the Salish of Puget Sound and British Columbia were addicted to the practice, and the term has been applied to all as a … Read more
A term used both officially and unofficially in modern times to designate collectively the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes in Indian Territory, applied on account of the advance made by these tribes toward civilized life and customs. The term appears in the reports of the Indian Office as early as 1876, when the agent reported that each tribe had a constitutional government, with legislative, judicial, and executive departments, conducted upon the same plan as our State governments, the entire expenses of which are paid out of their own funds.” There was, however, at that date no court with … Read more
The Faraon Apache, named from early Spanish references to the “Apache hordes of Pharaoh,” were a tribe primarily located in the region between the Rio Grande and the Pecos in New Mexico. Historically, they appear to be the southern division of the Querecho encountered by Coronado in 1541, later identified as the Vaqueros by Benavides in 1630, and possibly part of the Llaneros in more recent times. Their relationship to other Apache tribes is unclear, though they likely had closer ties to the Mescaleros. The Faraon Apache were known for their frequent raids on Spanish and Pueblo settlements in the Rio Grande area and Chihuahua, with the Sandia mountains serving as a significant stronghold. Despite multiple Spanish expeditions and peace treaties, these agreements often failed to bring lasting peace. Noted divisions within the tribe include the Ancavistis, Jacomis, Orejones, Carlanes, and Cuampes, although some, like the Carlanes, were associated with the Jicarillas.
F- Unknown Location Indian Villages, Towns and Settlements
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Flechazos (Span: arrow or dart blows). A name applied by the Spaniards in the latter part of the 18th century to the upper village of the Tawakoni settlement on the w. side of Brazos r., near Waco, Tex. The one below it was called Quiscat. One or the other of these villages was the Waco village. (H. E. B.)
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Frankstown. A village, probably of the Delawares, which seems to have been near the site of the present Frankstown, Blair co., Pa., in 1756. (J. M.) Friedenshuetten (German: huts of peace). A village formerly on Susquehanna r. a few miles below Wyalusing, and probably in Wyoming co. Pa. It was established in 1765 by Mahican and Delaware converts under direction of the Moravian missionaries, and seems to have been on the site of an older town. In 1770 the Indians … Read more
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Fejiu. A prehistoric pueblo of the Tewa at the site of the present town of Abiquiu, on the Rio Chama, Rio Arriba co., N. Mex. Fesere. A prehistoric pueblo of the Tewa on a mesa w. or s. of the Rio Chama, near Abiquiu, Rio Arriba co., N. Mex.
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Farmers Band. A Dakota division, probably of the Mdewakanton, whose habitat was below L. Traverse, Minn.
F- Georgia Indian Villages, Towns and Settlements
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Fish-eating Creek. A Seminole settlement with 32 inhabitants in 1880, situated 5 m. from the mouth of a creek that empties into L. Okeechobee, Manatee co., Fla. MacCauley in 5th Rep. B. A. E., 478, 1887. Florida Indians. A term almost as vague as the ancient geographic conception of Florida itself, used (Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., vi, 243, 1855) to designate Indians who robbed a vessel stranded on the Florida keys in 1741-42. Schoolcraft (Ind. Tribes, vi, 47, 1857) … Read more
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Flowpahhoultin. As small body of Salish of Fraser superintendency, Brit. Col., in 1878. Can. Ind. Aff., 79, 1878. Fountain. A band of Upper Lillooet, inhabiting, with the Shuswap, the village of Huhilp, on the E. bank of Fraser r., above Lillooet, Brit. Col.; pop. 205 in 1904. Can. Ind. Aff. 1904, pt. n, 73, 1905. Friendly Village. The name given by Mackenzie (Voy., 351, 1802) to an Athapascan village, probably of the Takulli, on upper Salmon r., Brit. Col., on … Read more
A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Fax. A former Chumashan village near Purisima mission, Santa Barbara co., Cal. Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. Flunmuda. A former village, presumably Costanoan, connected with Dolores mission, San Francisco, Cal. Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. Focomae. A Diegueño rancheria represented in the treaty of 1852 at Santa Isabel, s. Cal. H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 132, 1857. Four Creek Tribes. A collective name for the Yokuts tribes or bands that re sided … Read more