While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is
here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate
for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting
ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!
Chinook. From Tsinuk, their
Chehalis name. Also called:
Ala'dshush, Nestucca name.
Flatheads, a name shared with a number of other tribes in the
region from
their custom of deforming the head.
Thldla'h, Clackama name.
Connections. The Chinook
belonged to the Lower Chinook division of the Chinookan family.
Location. On the north side of the Columbia River from its mouth to Grays
Bay (not Grays Harbor), a distance of about 15 miles, and north along the
seacoast to include Willapa or Shoalwater Bay. Ray (1938) makes a separate
division to include the Shoalwater Chinook but it will be more convenient
to treat them under one head. It is understood that they differed not at
all in dialect.
Towns
(As given by Ray (1938), except as otherwise indicated)
Clamoitomish (Sapir, 1930), in Grays Bay.
Hakelsh, at the mouth of Smith Creek on the northeast shore of Willapa
Bay. Hwa'hots, at a former settlement called Bruceport about 3 miles north
of the mouth of Palix River.
Ini'sal, on Naselle River where it enters the arm of Willapa Bay.
Iwa'lhat, at the mouth of Wallicut River, which bears its name in a
corrupted form. Kalawa'uus, on the peninsula at Oysterville Point.
Killaxthokle (Lewis and Clark, 1905-6), probably on Willapa Bay.
Kwatsa'mts, on Baker Bay at the mouth of Chinook River, north side of the
Columbia.
Lapi'lso, on an island in an arm of Willapa Bay below the mouth of Naselle
River.
Ma'hu, at the mouth of Nemah River below the present town of Nemah.
Mo'kwal, at the mouth of Deep River on Grays Bay.
Nahume'nsh, on the west side of North River at its mouth on the north
shore of Willapa Bay.
Namla'iks, at Goose Point.
Na'mstcats, at a site now called Georgetown between Tokeland and North
Cove.
Nokska'itmithls, at Fort Canby on Cape Disappointment.
No'skwalakuthl, at Ilwaco, named after its last chief.
Nu'kaunthl, at Tokeland, named after its chief.
Nu'patstcthl, at the site of Nahcotta, on the peninsula opposite the mouth
of Nemah River.
Nutskwethlso'k, on Willapa Bay west of Bay Center.
Nuwi'lus, on the site of Grayland on the coast.
Quela'ptonlilt (Swan, 1857), at the mouth of Willapa River.
Querquelin (Swan), at the mouth of Querquelin River, which flows into
Palix River from the south near the mouth of the latter.
Se'akwal, on the north bank of the Columbia a short distance below Mo'kwal.
Tokpi'luks, at the mouth of Palix River.
Tse'yuk, at Oysterville on the peninsula north of Nahcotta.
Tske'lsos, on Willapa River between South Bend and Raymond.
Ya'kamnok, at Sandy Point 3 miles south of Goose Point, the extreme north
point
at Bay Center.
History. Though the Chinook bad been known to traders for an indefinite
period previously, they were first described by Lewis and Clark, who
visited them in 1805. From their proximity to Astoria and their intimate
relations with the early traders, they soon became well known, and their
language formed the chief Indian basis for the Chinook jargon, first
employed as a trade language, which ultimately
extended from California to Alaska. In the middle of the nineteenth
century they became mixed with the Chehalis with whom they ultimately fused entirely, dropping their own language. The Chinook of later
census returns are composed of a number of other tribes of
the same stock.
Population. Mooney (1928) estimates that there were 800 of these Indians
in 1780, "including the Chinook and Killaxthokl." In 1805 Lewis and Clark
gave 400 on Columbia River alone. In 1885 Swan
states that there were 112. They are now nearly extinct though Ray (1938)
discovered three old people still living as late as 1931-36.
Connection in which they have become noted. The name of the Chinook tribe
became famous
(1) because of intimate dealings between the Chinook and
British and American traders,
(2) on account of the extension of their
name to the related tribes now classed in the Chinookan stock,
(3) because
the name was also extended to the Chinook jargon or Oregon Trade Language
known throughout the entire Northwest,
(4) because of its application to
the Chinook or Pacific wind, and
(5) from its application to towns in
Pacific County, Wash., and Blaine County, Mont.
