Spokan

Yakima Malcontents of 1856

In 1856, the Yakima malcontents, notably Kamiaken and his allies, instigated unrest among various tribes, prompting military action from U.S. forces. Kamiaken, a notable leader known for his oratory and strength, sought to rally tribes against white supremacy but ultimately faced defeat. The subsequent military campaign led by Colonel Wright resulted in significant Indian losses and the capture or destruction of their resources. Ultimately, peace was coerced through hostilities, resulting in treaties that restructured tribal alignments and settled the Northwest for years to come.

War with the Spokan, Coeur d’Alene, and Pelouse

In the spring of 1858, tensions escalated between U.S. troops and previously peaceful tribes, notably the Spokanes, Coeur d’Alenes, and Pelouses, following the murder of miners by Pelouse Indians. Colonel Steptoe’s expedition aimed to address unrest near the Colville mines. Unexpectedly confronted by around 1,200 warriors, Steptoe attempted to negotiate peace but was met with aggression, leading to a retreat under fire. Despite heavy losses, the troops managed to escape, revealing deep-rooted discontent among the tribes, partly stemming from unratified treaties and misinformation.

Spokan Indians

The Spokan Indians, part of the Salishan linguistic stock, inhabited the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers. They comprised several subdivisions, including the Lower, Upper, and Middle Spokan. Historically, they came into contact with Lewis and Clark in 1805. Over time, various bands likely merged into a single tribe. Population estimates varied, with 647 recorded in the early 20th century. The Spokan’s legacy is closely tied to the city of Spokane in Washington, which bears their name, as do several geographical features and locations in other states.

Spokane Tribe

Mr. and Mrs. Three Mountain, Washington State, circa 1920

The photograph, attributed to Mr. and Mrs. Three Mountain around 1920, likely features William Three Mountains of the Spokane Tribe. The image, sourced from Powell Tobiasen, is undated and possibly taken in Lincoln or Spokane County, Washington. The Spokane Tribe, consisting of several divisions along the Spokane River, was originally named by the Skitswish. Historical population estimates indicate a decline from 600 in 1805 to 509 in Washington by 1909, reflecting the complex history of the Spokane Indians and their divisions.