Smallpox

1853-1854 Smallpox Visitation to the Moqui

The Moquis faced a devastating smallpox epidemic from 1853-1854, which originated from the Zuñi. Lieutenant Whipple documented this in his exploration reports, noting a significant population decline in the Moqui Pueblos. By late 1853, the adult male population had largely perished, with estimates of survivors varying widely. The dire conditions included mass fatalities and bodies left unburied, leading to contamination of local water sources. Despite the hardships, some young members survived, and samples of their traditional attire were collected during this period.

Blackfeet of Today

Historically, the Blackfeet thrived as a robust community, facing decline with European contact, marked by disease and alcohol. The devastating smallpox epidemics in the mid-19th century significantly reduced their population. The 1883-84 winter led to severe starvation after the buffalo’s extermination, further exacerbating their plight. However, with assistance from compassionate agents like Major George Steell, the Blackfeet began transitioning to self-sufficiency through cattle ranching. Today, they exemplify resilience, embracing a work ethic and seeking independence, driven by a new sense of identity and purpose.

1837 Smallpox Epidemic

The smallpox epidemic of 1837 had a devastating impact on Native American tribes in the Missouri Valley. Originating on a steamboat, the disease spread rapidly, decimating populations— Mandans dropped from 1,600 to 31 and Minnetarees from 1,000 to 500. The Assiniboins, Crows, and Blackfeet suffered similarly heavy losses, with an estimated 10,000 deaths. Eyewitness accounts described a haunting scene of desolation, with empty lodges and scattered corpses, reflecting the profound tragedy that swept through the region, leaving a scar on the landscape and the survivors.