Forts Topics – Page 2 of 7 – Access Genealogy

West Point, New York

The Hudson River Valley, stretching from New York to Montreal, has been of strategic importance since the French and Indian War, leading to the establishment of forts like Ticonderoga and West Point. During the Revolutionary War, West Point’s defenses were critical, particularly when British forces under Sir Henry Clinton targeted it. The treachery of Benedict Arnold, who sought to surrender West Point to the British, marked a significant moment in American history. Despite the betrayal, West Point eventually became a key military academy, established in 1802, influenced by George Washington’s earlier vision.

The Presidio of San Francisco

The Presidio of San Francisco, established in 1776 during Spanish rule, served as a military post to protect local missions. Founded by Don Jose Moraga, it emerged from an expedition that aimed to cultivate the land around the Golden Gate. Over time, it transitioned under Mexican and American control, witnessing significant historical events like the California Gold Rush and the Spanish-American War. Its picturesque setting remains a vital part of San Francisco’s heritage, marked by strategic military structures and storied pasts, such as the tale of Dona Concepcion Arguello.

La Fuerza, Morro Castle

Morro Castle, or Castillo del Morro, was constructed in the late 16th century as a defense against pirates and foreign attacks on Havana. Originally commanded by Hernando de Soto, the fortress features a quadrilateral design, sturdy walls, and a moat, although the moat is dry today. Notably, it played a crucial role during the 1762 English siege, showcasing the bravery of its commander, Captain Velasco. Subsequently, Castillo de San Carlos de Cabanas was built to strengthen Havana’s defenses, reflecting Spain’s commitment to securing the port city.

The Heights of Quebec

Quebec was founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, who established the first fortifications and residence known as L’Habitation. The settlement faced challenges, including treachery among its colonists and attacks from Indigenous groups. By 1629, Quebec fell to an English siege but was restored to French control in 1632. Over the years, the city’s fortifications expanded, especially under Governor Frontenac, culminating in the citadel’s construction. Quebec experienced notable sieges, especially during the 1759 conflict and the Revolutionary War, shaping its military history and legacy.

Historic Forts of North America

This book provides an in-depth exploration of North America’s significant forts, reflecting the continent’s military history from Indigenous peoples to European powers and the United States. It covers key fortifications such as St. Augustine, Fort Sumter, and others, highlighting the strategic importance of these strongholds in various conflicts. The author combines personal travel experiences, photography, and historical insights, making it valuable for scholars and visitors. Through rich descriptions and archival materials, it serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of military engineering across North America.

Forts Trumbull and Griswold

Fort Trumbull, located in New London, Connecticut, and Fort Griswold, on Groton Hill, were established during the Revolutionary War to protect the Thames River. Fort Trumbull, less formidable, housed a small garrison, whereas Fort Griswold had a more complex structure. In 1781, under Benedict Arnold’s command, British forces attacked Fort Griswold, resulting in a tragic massacre. Despite its historical significance, Fort Griswold saw no rebuilding, while Fort Trumbull underwent renovations, culminating in the current fort completed in 1840.

Fort Vancouver, Washington

Fort Vancouver, initially established by the Pacific Fur Company in 1811 and later developed by the Hudson Bay Company, became a significant trading post in the Northwest. Strategically located near the Columbia River, it served as the region’s commercial hub until it was ceded to the United States in 1846. The fort’s impressive structure housed a vibrant community, becoming a melting pot of cultures amidst the fur trade rivalry between the U.S. and England, marked by notable military figures like Grant and Sheridan stationed there.

Fort Yuma, California

Fort Yuma, located on the Colorado River in California, is noted for its extreme heat and unique military history. Established as a vital base for U.S. troops, it played a significant role in restraining Apache groups and overseeing customs along the U.S.-Mexico border. The post features adobe buildings designed for ventilation amid oppressive temperatures, where unusual conditions challenge everyday life. Notable for its dry air, Fort Yuma’s legacy includes quirky tales shared among soldiers, contributing to its reputation within the military community.

Fort Ticonderoga

Fort Ticonderoga, located at the confluence of Lakes George and Champlain, has a rich history dating back to Samuel Champlain’s 1609 expedition against the Iroquois. The fort became significant in the colonial struggle between France and England, eventually evolving into a strategic military outpost. After numerous battles and changes of control, including its capture by Ethan Allen in 1775 and occupation by British forces during the American Revolutionary War, Ticonderoga has been preserved and restored, attracting visitors keen to explore its historical legacy.

Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie

The bombardment of Fort Sumter by Fort Moultrie began on April 12, 1861, marking a significant moment in the Civil War, although no casualties occurred during the 36-hour conflict. The geographical context of Charleston, where the two fortifications are located, is crucial to understanding the battle. Major Anderson’s move from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter in late 1860 set the stage for hostilities. After the war, Fort Sumter was strengthened, while Fort Moultrie remains notable for its history and military significance.

Fort Snelling, Minnesota

Fort Snelling, established in 1819, served as a critical military outpost at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers, marking the western frontier of the United States. Initially, the fort was constructed under Lieutenant Colonel Henry Leavenworth and later named in honor of Colonel Josiah Snelling. It played a significant role during the Civil War and the Sioux outbreak of 1862, functioning as a distribution point while the area around it developed into what is now St. Paul. Its stone structures remain today, reflecting its historical significance.

Fort San Carlos de Barrancas

Fort San Carlos de Barrancas, located near Pensacola Bay, has a rich history beginning with the initial Spanish expedition in 1558, marking Pensacola as one of the earliest European settlement points in the U.S. Established as a fort in the late 17th century, it changed hands multiple times between Spain and France, with significant military actions occurring during the 18th century. In the War of 1812, it was briefly occupied by British forces, who ultimately destroyed it during their retreat. The fort remains a testament to the region’s turbulent colonial history.

Fort Pulaski

Fort Pulaski, located near Savannah, Georgia, is a once-mighty brick fortress whose remnants tell a story of grandeur and decay. Constructed between 1831 and 1847, it served briefly during the Civil War before becoming a site of surrender in 1862 following a bombardment by Federal troops. Today, visitors encounter a landscape of desolation, with overgrown structures and crumbling walls serving as poignant reminders of its historical significance. The fort is managed by a solitary caretaker and remains a place of quiet reflection amid the marshland.

Fort Ontario, Oswego, New York

In 1722, Governor Burnet established an armed post at Oswego, New York, marking the site’s strategic importance amid the colonial conflict between France and England. Initially met with skepticism, Burnet financed the fort’s construction, which became vital during subsequent military engagements, including the French and Indian War. The fort, later named Fort Ontario, underwent several renovations and served as a key military base for both British forces during the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Today, it stands as a historical site in Oswego.

Fort Niagara

Fort Niagara, established by the French in 1726, is a significant historical site in New York, featuring structures like The Castle and barracks built between 1757 and 1773. Its strategic importance was apparent during conflicts between France and England, culminating in its capture by the English in 1759. The fort remained under British control until the American Revolution and faced further assaults during the War of 1812, ultimately being surrendered to the United States in 1815. The site now stands as a testament to its storied past.

Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, Alabama

Mobile Bay, a pivotal site in early American history, hosted Fort Louis de la Mobile, the first settlement’s protector, evolving through diverse control. Notably, Fort Morgan, initially Fort Bowyer, was a significant defensive structure during the War of 1812, where Major Lawrence famously repelled a British assault. Later, it played a crucial role in the Civil War but fell to Union forces led by Farragut after a protracted siege. Today, Fort Morgan stands in ruins, reflecting its storied past on the shores of Mobile Bay.

Fort Mifflin

Fort Mifflin, located on Mud Island in the Delaware River, is a substantial star-shaped fort that once played a vital role during the American Revolutionary War. Built in the late 18th century, it endured a fierce siege in 1777 when it resisted British forces until its walls were reduced. The fort’s importance diminished after the war, leading to its eventual abandonment. Despite its derelict appearance today, Fort Mifflin remains a historic site, offering a glimpse into its storied past alongside the nearby remains of Fort Mercer.

Fort Monroe

Fort Monroe, located at Old Point Comfort on a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay, serves as a significant military stronghold guarding crucial maritime access points. Established after the War of 1812, its impressive structure encompasses about 280 acres and features a moat, drawbridges, and lush tropical plant life. Historically, it witnessed key events during the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, including the famous naval battle between the Merrimack and the Monitor. Today, it remains a vital site for military operations and historical reflection.

Fort Michillimackinac and Fort Holmes

Fort Michillimackinac and Staten Park, Mackinac Island, Michigan

Fort Michillimackinac originated in the late 17th century at Saint Ignace, founded through the efforts of Father Marquette and Sieur de la Salle. Initially a mission site, it evolved into a military fort as the French established a presence. Over time, it changed hands to the British and later the Americans, experiencing significant conflict, particularly during Pontiac’s Rebellion and the War of 1812. The fort is now preserved as a historic site within Mackinac Island State Park.

Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Maryland

Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland, is historically significant as the site where Francis Scott Key was inspired to write “The Star-Spangled Banner” during the British attack in September 1814. Established in the late 18th century, the fort played a crucial role in defending Baltimore and the nation during the War of 1812. Today, it is a public park, with preserved features reflecting its past, including remnants of the fortifications and memorials honoring its history, while offering beautiful views of the surrounding harbor.