Chiefs Topics – Access Genealogy

Biography of Bloody Knife

Bloody Knife, an Arikara chief and renowned warrior, was born on the Hunkpapa Reservation in North Dakota. As a young man, he returned to his mother’s Arikara people. He gained prominence by safely delivering mail through dangerous territories inhabited by hostile Sioux. Bloody Knife later served as a chief scout at Fort Abraham Lincoln, participated in General Stanley’s 1873 Yellowstone Expedition, and joined Custer’s 1874 Black Hills expedition. He valiantly fought and was killed during the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 while aiding Reno’s command.

Yakima Chiefs Owhi and Qualchien

In a report dated September 24, 1858, Colonel G. Wright detailed the capture and execution of Yakima chief Qualchien, who was involved in numerous violent acts against settlers. His father, Ow-hi, initially sought peace but was seized alongside Qualchien. Despite offers for his life, Qualchien was hanged shortly after surrendering to Wright. The execution drew varied reactions among soldiers and raised questions about the fairness of such swift justice. Ow-hi later attempted escape but was mortally wounded during the pursuit, marking a tragic end for both father and son.

Biography of Captain Jack – Kintpuash

Kintpuash, also known as Captain Jack, was a subchief of the Modoc tribe who led a faction during the Modoc War of 1872-73. After a failed treaty to relocate to a reservation, he and his band instigated violence against settlers and resisted military efforts to contain them. Despite initial successes, the Modoc’s position weakened over time, leading to Captain Jack’s eventual surrender in June 1873. He, along with others, was tried for murder and executed in October 1873, marking a significant event in the conflict over Native American land.

Brule Sioux Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Little Thunder, a prominent Brule Sioux chief, commanded forces during the Grattan massacre in 1854 and participated in the 1855 Battle of Ash Hollow. Noted for his impressive stature and intelligence, he led until his death years later. In contrast, Big Mouth, an influential chief of the Brute Sioux, was respected for his warlike qualities and held significant sway at Whetstone agency. Tensions with rival chief Spotted Tail escalated, culminating in Big Mouth’s assassination after Spotted Tail’s altered views on Sioux relations with whites.

Seneca Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Blacksnake, a Seneca chief around the late 18th century, resided in Cattaraugus County, New York, and was likely born circa 1760. He fought on the English side at the Battle of Oriskany in 1777 and later supported the Americans at Fort George in 1813, where he actively participated. Farmers Brother, another chief, born between 1716 and 1732, was known for his speeches and peace advocacy during the War of 1812. He died in 1814, honored for his efforts. Both leaders significantly influenced Seneca history and tribal decisions during turbulent times.

Powhatan Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Chanco, a Powhatan Indian, warned the English of Opechancanough’s planned massacre in March 1622, saving many lives. Opechancanough, born circa 1545, emerged as the dominant Powhatan leader after his brother Powhatan’s death in 1618. Initially captured by Captain John Smith, he grew to respect and resent the English. In April 1644, he led a massacre of 300 settlers before being captured and fatally shot. Powhatan, the founder of the Powhatan Confederacy, was a complex figure whose initial friendliness towards the English turned to hostility after the abduction of his daughter, Pocahontas.

Mohawk Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Joseph Onasakenrat, a Mohawk chief born in 1845, was recognized for his translations of religious texts into Mohawk, including the Gospels and hymns. His conversion to Protestantism led to his role as an evangelical preacher. Oronhyatekha, another prominent figure, was a skilled physician and advocate for secret societies, known for his eloquence and leadership within the Independent Order of Foresters. Hiawatha, a legendary Mohawk reformer from around 1570, played a crucial role in founding the Iroquois Confederation, aiming to end inter-tribal conflict.

Modoc Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Winema, also known as Toby Riddle, was a significant Modoc leader born in 1842. Renowned for her bravery, she led warriors at a young age and served as an interpreter for her people during negotiations. Notably, she intervened during the peace commission massacre in 1873, pleading for the life of Commissioner Meacham. The Modoc war saw other prominent figures like Scarface Charley and Schonchin John, with the latter involved in key conflicts. Their actions significantly impacted the Modoc’s resistance and interactions with the government.

Captain Jack, Modoc Indian Tribe

Keiutpoos, known as Captain Jack, was born circa 1840 and emerged as a notable warrior during the Modoc War of 1872-73. His fierce resistance in the lava beds against a significantly larger white force marked him as an extraordinary figure in Native American military history. Despite the treachery associated with his actions, his strategic insight elicited a complex admiration. Executed at approximately thirty-four years of age, Jack exemplified a warrior’s resolve, believing death in battle was preferable to starvation on a reservation.

Massachuset Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Crispus Attucks, a notable figure of mixed Indian and African heritage from Massachusetts, led the crowd during the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770, becoming the first casualty of this pivotal event in American history. His death symbolized the growing resistance against British rule and marked a significant moment in the Revolutionary struggle. Meanwhile, Chickataubut and Corbitant represented leadership among the Massachuset, with Chickataubut fostering early English relations while opposing encroachments on tribal lands, and Corbitant striving to unite forces against English settlers.

Biography of Black Hawk

Black Hawk, originally named Makataimeshekiakiah, was a prominent Sauk leader born in 1767 in Illinois. He gained military recognition from a young age, leading raids against Osage and Cherokee tribes. Black Hawk aligned with the British during the War of 1812, opposing the more conciliatory chief, Keokuk. His leadership was marked by significant military actions, including the infamous Black Hawk Wars of 1832, reflecting his commitment to his tribe amidst growing tensions with American settlers.

Arikara Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Bloody Knife was a notable Arikara warrior and chief known for his extensive service with the government. He was born on the Hunkpapa Reservation in North Dakota to a Hunkpapa Sioux father and an Arikara mother, reflecting a blend of cultural heritage. His contributions to his community and leadership position highlight the significant roles played by Arikara leaders in history.

Mohegan Indian Chiefs and Leaders

The article discusses influential Mohegan and New England Indian leaders, highlighting their significant contributions to the region’s history. Key figures include Samson Occom, a Mohegan minister who helped establish Dartmouth College; Caleb Cheeshateaumuch, the first Native Harvard graduate; Uncas, a prominent sachem whose alliances shaped tribal conflicts in the 17th century; and Oneka, Uncas’s son, who continued his father’s legacy. Their stories reflect the complexities of Native leadership amidst colonial pressures and changing tribal dynamics.

Oneida Chief Shikellamy

Guided by Paul Wallace, the Mohawks visited the Susquehanna River Valley, reflecting on the legacy of Chief Shikellamy, an influential Oneida leader and Vice-Gerent of the Six Nations. He resided in Shamokin from 1728 until his death in 1748, advocating for the rights of his people against the harmful trade of liquor. Shikellamy played a crucial role in fostering relations between the Six Nations and Pennsylvania, effectively mediating treaties and alliances that contributed to the stability of colonial interests. His passing marked the end of an era of peace, and he is remembered for his integrity and dedication.

Grave Of Tenh-Wen-Nyos, Governor Blacksnake, Allegany Reserve

The monument commemorating Tenh-Wen-Nyos, also known as Governor Blacksnake, stands in Brantford, honoring his significant contributions as a War Chief of the Seneca Nation during the Revolutionary War. Born in 1737 and passing in 1859, he was instrumental in fostering peace and allegiance between his people and the United States, notably during the Rome treaty negotiations. Tenh-Wen-Nyos supported American interests against British incitement, leading efforts in the War of 1812 and remained a respected leader within his community until his death, exemplifying unwavering devotion to his people.