Native American

The list of items below have been tagged as part of the Native American historical collection here at AccessGenealogy.

Fort Toulouse, the Chitimachas and the Natchez Wars

Another war between England and France began in 1718 – the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The French had succeeded in surrounding the British colonies in North America, except for the boundary with Florida.  France seemed poised to have most of the Southeastern Indians as allies.  These advanced Native American provinces represented the densest indigenous population north of Mexico.  However, the British Navy had destroyed French coastal forts and shipping almost at will.  France might control the coastline, but the British controlled the seas. Fort Toulouse – 1717 Anticipating more wars with Great Britain and desiring closer trade relations with … Read more

Choctaw Mixed Bloods and the Advent of Removal

P.P. Pitchlynn, Speaker of the National Council of the Choctaw Nation and Choctaw delegate to the government of the United States

Choctaw Mixed Blood and the Advent of Removal: This dissertation by Samuel James Wells lists the names and families of the known mixed bloods and examines their role in tribal history, especially regarding land treaties during the Jeffersonian years preceding Removal. This dissertation includes a database of over three thousand names of known and probable mixed bloods drawn from a wide range of sources and therefore has genealogical as well as historical value.

Native Uprisings Against the Carolinas (1711-17)

In 1957 University of Georgia archaeologists, under the leadership of Dr. Joseph Caldwell, were working on several archaeological sites on the tributaries of the Savannah River that were to be flooded by Lake Hartwell.  The best known of these town sites are Tugaloo and Chauga. Because they were last occupied by Lower Cherokees in the early 1700s, the archaeologists assumed that excavation of their mounds would prove that the Cherokees built all the mounds in the Southern Highlands. The archaeologists were shocked to find that the Cherokee occupation of both sites was very brief and much smaller than the ancestors … Read more

Ispipewhumaugh Tribe

Ispipewhumaugh Indians. One of the tribes included by the early fur traders under the term Nez Percé. They lived on Columbia River, above the mouth of Snake River, Washington. They were possibly of Shahaptian stock, but are not otherwise identifiable.

Inaspetsum Tribe

Inaspetsum Indians. One of the tribes included by the early fur traders under he term Nez Perce. They lived on Columbia River, above the mouth of the Snake, in Washington. Perhaps they were the Winatshipum or the Kalispel. (L. F.)

Humptulips Tribe

The Humptulip Tribe was based in the western part of Washington State, primarily along the Humptulips River, which flows through the dense, temperate rainforests of the Olympic Peninsula. This area is within Grays Harbor County, a region known for its lush landscapes, abundant wildlife, and proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The environment around the Humptulips River is rich in natural resources, providing a traditional homeland for the tribe. Hodge identified the name to mean “chilly region” without providing a source for that nomenclature. Modern interpretation state that it comes from the Quinault word Ho-to-la-bixh, meaning “hard to pole.” The Humptulips … Read more

Kwaiailk Tribe

Kwaiailk Indians. A body of Salish on the upper course of Chehalis river, above the Satsop and on the Cowlitz, Washington. In 1855, according to Gibbs, they numbered 216, but were becoming amalgamated with the Cowlitz.

Chelamela Tribe

Chelamela Indians. A small division of the Kalapooian family formerly living on Long Tom Creek, a western tributary of Willamette River, Oregon. They were included in the Dayton treaty of 1855. Nothing is known of their customs, and they are now extinct.

Calapooya Tribe

Calapooya Indians. The name, properly speaking, of a division of the Kalapooian family formerly occupying the watershed between Willamette and Umpqua Rivers, Oregon. The term as usually employed, however, includes all the bands speaking dialects of the Kalapooian language and is made synonymous with the family name. This double use of the term, coupled with the scanty information regarding the division, has wrought confusion in the classification of the bands which can not be rectified. The following were ascertained by Gatschet to have been bands of this division: Ampishtna, Tsanchifin, Tsanklightemifa, Tsankupi, and Tsawokot.

Atsina Tribe

Atsina Indians (Blackfoot: ăt-se´-na, said to mean ‘gut people.’). A detached branch of the Arapaho, at one time associated with the Blackfeet, but now with the Assiniboin under Ft Belknap agency, Montana

Colville Tribe

Colville Indians. A division of Salish between Kettle falls and Spokane River, east Washington; said by Gibbs to have been one of the largest of the Salish tribes.  Lewis and Clark estimated their number at 2,500, in 130 houses, in 1806. There were 321 under the Coville agency in 1904.

Chilula Tribe

Chilula Indians (Tsu-lu’-la, from Tsula, the Yurok name for the Bald hills.)  A small Athapascan division which occupied the lower (north west) portion of the valley of Redwood Creek, north California and Bald hills, dividing it from Klamath valley. They were shut off from the immediate coast of Yurok, who inhabited villages at the mouth of Redwood Creek.  The name of the Chilula for themselves is not known; it is probable that like most of the Indians of the region they had none, other than the word for “people”  above them on Redwood creek was the related Athapascan group known … Read more

Lohim Tribe

Lohim Indians. A small Shoshonean band living on Willow Creek, a south affluent of the Columbia, in Southern Oregon, and probably belonging to the Mono-Paviotso group.  They have never made a treaty with the Government and are generally spoken of as renegades belonging to the Umatilla Reservation. In 1870 their number ws reported as 114, but the name has not appeared in recent official reports.  Ross mistook them for Nez Percé.

Chepenafa Tribe

Chepenafa Indians. A Kalapooian tribe, some times regarded as a subdivision of the Lakmiut, formerly residing at the forks of St Marys creek, near Corvallis, Oregon. They are now on Grande Ronde reservation, being officially known as Marys River Indians, and number about 25.

Atquanachuke Tribe

Atquanachuke Indians. A tribe or band residing early in the 17th century in south or central New Jersey. All references to them are indefinite. Smith, who did not visit them, says they were on the seacoast beyond the mountains northward from Chesapeake bay, and spoke a language different from that of the Powhatan, Conestoga, Tocwogh, and Cuscarawaoc. Most of the early authorities put them in the same general locality, but Shea, evidently misled by the order in which Smith associates this name with names of east shore tribes, says they lived in 1633 on the east shore of Maryland and … Read more

Columbians

Columbians. Applied by Bancroft to the Indians of north west America dwelling between lat 42º and 55º and stated by him to be synonymous with the Nootka-Columbians of Scouler and others.  The term Columbians, however, is evidently broader in its scope, as it includes all the tribes west of the Rockies from the Skittagetan group, in the north to south boundary of Oregon, while Scouler’s term comprises a group of languages extending from the mouth of Salomon River to the south of Columbia River, now known to belong to several linguistic stocks.

Multnomah Tribe

Multnomah Indians (Ne-‘malno-max, ‘down river’) A Chinookan tribe or division formerly living on the upper end of Sauvies Island, Multnomah County, Oregon. In 1806 they were estimated at 800, but by 1835, according to Parker they were extinct as a tribe.  The term is also used in a broader sense to include all the tribes living on or near lower Willametter River, Oregon. See: Lewis and Clark, Expeditions, ii, 472, 1814.

Mishikhwutmetunne Tribe

Mishikhwutmetunne Indians (‘people who dwell on the stream called Mishi’). An Athapascan tribe formerly occupying villages on upper Coquille River, Oregon.  In 1861 they numbered 55 men, 75 women and 85 children . In 1884 the survivors were on Siletz Reservation.  Dorsey int hat year obtained the following list of their villages (which he calls gentes) as they formerly existed on Coquille River form the Kusan country to the head of the stream, although not necessarily at one period: Chockrelatan, Chuntshataatunne, duldulthawaiame, Enitunne, Ilsethlthawaiame, Katomemetunne, Khinukhtunne, Khweshtunne, Kimestunne, Kthukhwestunne, Kthunataachutunne, Meshtshe, Makhituntunne, Nakhochatunne, Natarghiliitunne, Natsushltatunne, Nilestunne, Rghoyinestunne, Sathlrekhtun, Sekhushtuntunne, Sunsunnestunne, … Read more

Methow Tribe

Methow Indians. A Salishan tribe of eastern Washington, formerly living about Methow river and Chelan lake, now chiefly gathered on the Colville reservation.  Their number is not officially reported.

Lakmiut Tribe

Lakmiut Indians. A Kalapooian tribe formerly residing on a river of the same name, a western tributary of the Willamette, in Oregon.  They are now on Grande Ronde Reservation, where they were officially stated to number 28 in 1905.  They are steadily decreasing.  The following were Lakmiut bands as ascertained by Gatschet in 1877; Ampalamuyu, Chantkaip, Chepenafa, Mohawk, Tsalakmiut, Tsampiak, Tsantatawa and Tsantuisha.