Mescalero Reservation

Lipan Apache Tribe

The Lipan Apache Indians, known as Náizhan, historically roamed from the Rio Grande through Texas to the Gulf coast, engaging in raids against other tribes and settlers. By the 18th and 19th centuries, their population was divided into three bands. The Lipan faced significant adversity during the Texan wars, leading to their eventual displacement to Coahuila, Mexico. In the early 20th century, a small remnant was relocated to the Mescalero reservation in New Mexico. They maintain cultural similarities to other Apache tribes.

Mimbreños Apache Tribe

The Mimbreños Apache, named after the Mimbres Mountains in New Mexico, were a subgroup of the Apache tribe. They ranged from the Rio Grande in New Mexico to the San Francisco River in Arizona. Their population was estimated at 400 to 750 during the mid-19th century under the leadership of Mangas Coloradas. Primarily reliant on raiding for sustenance, they occasionally engaged in peace treaties. By 1875, they split, with some joining the Mescaleros and others residing at Fort Apache or the Mescalero Reservation.

Apache Tribe

The Apache Indians, part of the Athapascan family, were historically noted for their warrior culture and territorial raids across New Mexico and into Mexico. They were first recorded by Oñate in 1598. Over time, the Apache experienced significant shifts, including forced relocations and interactions with other tribes, resulting in varying tribal identities. Despite initial hostility, some Apache bands, notably under leaders like Cochise and Geronimo, later engaged in agriculture and demonstrated adaptability. Their history is marked by continuous conflict, cultural resilience, and complex social structures involving various clans and divisions.