Lapwai Reservation Genealogy – Access Genealogy

Biography of Chief Joseph – Nez Percé

Chief Joseph, born Hinmaton-yalatkit, was the leader of the Nez Percé during the conflicts of 1877. He resisted the 1863 treaty that ceded their ancestral lands in Oregon to white settlers. Following escalating tensions, he led a remarkable retreat toward Canada, skillfully managing a group of women and children despite being pursued by U.S. forces. After significant engagements, he surrendered on October 5, 1877. Subsequent broken promises led to his band’s displacement, and he spent his later years advocating for education and sobriety among his people before his death in 1904.

Condition of the Idaho Indians in 1890

U.S. Indian Agent and Party on Fort Hall Reservation

In 1890, the Indian population in Idaho was summarized across various reservations, reflecting a complex mix of tribes and their current living conditions. The Bannocks and Shoshones, primarily at Fort Hall, were intermarried and faced challenges in adapting to farming and ranching. The Nez Percé, largely Presbyterian, cultivated their lands but contended with white cattle intrusions. The Coeur d’Alene tribes were more assimilated, living in frame houses and attending church. Each group exhibited varying degrees of adaptation and socio-economic stability amidst ongoing struggles with cultural preservation and external pressures.