Hoopa Valley Reservation

Hoopa Valley Reservation

Leader of White Deerskin Dance with crown of horns and Medicine Stone - Hoopa Valley

The Hoopa Valley Reservation, established in the 1860s, is located in Humboldt County, California, encompassing 89,572 acres. By 1890, it housed 468 Native Americans from several tribes, including the Hupâ and Klamath River. The fertile valley, surrounded by mountains, has a rich climate conducive to agriculture. Despite adopting some Western ways, such as clothing and language, many members maintain traditional beliefs and practices, including various ceremonial dances. The community is largely self-sufficient, relying on farming and artisan crafts. Education attendance remains a challenge, with many children withdrawing before completing their schooling.

1890 California Indian Population and Reservations

California Missions with date of Founding

In 1890, California’s Native American population totaled 16,624, with 11,517 self-supporting individuals counted in the general census and an additional 5,064 living on reservations. This census highlighted the diverse tribal affiliations across the state, particularly in Northern and Central California. Various agencies, such as the Mission-Tule Consolidated Agency and Round Valley Agency, managed these populations, which included numerous tribes with unique histories and cultural backgrounds. The data underscores the significant distinctions between taxed individuals and those residing on reservations, reflecting the complex nature of Native American demographics at the time.