Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico

Hodge, Frederick Webb, Compiler. The Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Government Printing Office. 1906.

I – Florida Indian Villages, Towns and Settlements

A complete listing of all the Indian villages, towns and settlements as listed in Handbook of Americans North of Mexico. Iniahico A principal Apalachee village in 1539, near the site of Tallahassee, Florida. Itafi A district of Florida where one of the Timuquanan dialects was spoken. Itara A former village in North Florida, visited by De Soto’s troops in 1539. Ivitachuco A former principal town of the Apalachee, possibly near the present Wacahotee, Florida.

Huron Tribe

Encampment among the Islands of Lake Huron

Commonly known as the Huron Tribe, Huron Indians, Huron People, Huron First Nation, Wyandot Tribe, and Wyandot Indians (Huron – lexically from French huré, bristly,’ ‘bristled,’ from hure, rough hair’ (of the head), head of man or beast, wild boar’s head; old French, ‘muzzle of the wolf, lion,’ etc., ‘the scalp,’ ‘a wig’; Norman French, huré, ‘rugged’; Roumanian, hurée, ‘rough earth,’ and the suffix –on, expressive of depreciation and employed to form nouns referring to persons). The name Huron, frequently with an added epithet, like vilain, ‘base,’ was in use in France as early as 1358 as a name expressive … Read more

Huron Indian Chiefs and Leaders

Donacona Donacona. A Huron chief found by Jacques Cartier, in 1535, residing with his people at the junction of St Croix and St Lawrence rivers, Canada. Although Cartier was well received and kindly treated by this chief, he managed, partly by stratagem and partly by force, to convey the latter aboard his vessel and carry him to France where he soon died. Half King Half King (Petawontakas, Dunquad, Dunquat, Daunghquat; Delaware name, Pomoacan). A Huron chief of Sandusky, Ohio, who flourished during the latter part of the Revolutionary war. Under employment by the British he aided the Delawares in their … Read more

Huron Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry.  Often very little information is known or they no longer exist.  We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Ataronchronon. One of the minor tribes of the Huron confederation, among whom the Jesuit mission of Sainte Marie was established. Jes. Rel. for 1640, 61, 1858. Dasoak (flying). A clan of the Huron. Huron Clans Nothing definite was known of the clans of the Hurons until the appearance of Morgan’s Ancient Society in 1877, Powell’s Wyandot Government (1st Rep. B. A. E., 1881), and Connolley’s The Wyandots (Archaeol. … Read more

Hupa Tribe

An Athapascan tribe formerly occupying the valley of Trinity river, California from south fork to its junction with the Klamath, including Hupa valley.  They were first mentioned by Gibbs in 1852; a military post was established in their territory in 1855 and maintained until 1892; and a reservation 12 miles square, including nearly all the Hupa habitat, was set apart in Aug. 1864. The population in 1888 was given as 650; in 1900, 430; in 1905, 412. They are at present self-supporting, depending on agriculture and stock raising. When they first came in contact with the whites, in 1850, the … Read more

Hunkpapa Sioux Tribe

Hunkpapa Tribe, Hunkpapa Indians, Hunkpapa Sioux Indians. ( Hunkpapa is variously interpreted ‘at the entrance, ‘at the head end of the circle,’ ‘those who camp by themselves,’ and `wanderers’). A division of the Teton Sioux. From the meager data relating to the history of this band it seeing probable that it is one of comparatively modern formation. When Hennepin, in 1680, found what are believed to have been the Teton as far as the banks of the upper Mississippi, no mention of the Hunkpapa at that early date or for 100 years there after can be found unless it be under some … Read more

Humptulips Tribe

The Humptulip Tribe was based in the western part of Washington State, primarily along the Humptulips River, which flows through the dense, temperate rainforests of the Olympic Peninsula. This area is within Grays Harbor County, a region known for its lush landscapes, abundant wildlife, and proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The environment around the Humptulips River is rich in natural resources, providing a traditional homeland for the tribe. Hodge identified the name to mean “chilly region” without providing a source for that nomenclature. Modern interpretation state that it comes from the Quinault word Ho-to-la-bixh, meaning “hard to pole.” The Humptulips … Read more

Huma Tribe

Huma (red).  A Choctaw tribe living during the earlier period of the French colonization of Louisiana, 7 leagues above Red river on the east bank of the Mississippi, their settlement in 1699 containing 140 cabins and 350 families.  A red pole marked the boundary between them ad the Bayogoula on the south.  In 1706 the Tonika fled to them from the Chickasaw, but later rose against them and killed more than half, after which the remainder established themselves near the site of New Orleans.  later they lived along Bayou La Fourche and in the neighborhood of the present Houma, Louisiana, … Read more

Huchnom Tribe

Huchnom Indians. A division of the Yuki of northern California, speaking a dialect divergent from that of the Round Valley Indians.  They lived on South Eel river above its confluence with the middle fork of the Eel river, or in adjacent territories, and on the headwaters of Russian River in upper Potter valley. To the north of them were the Witukomnom Yuki, to the east the Wintun and on the other sides were Pomo tribes.  The Pomo call them Tatu, the whites Redwoods, from Redwood Creek.

Hopi Tribe

Hopi Indians (contraction of Hópitu, ‘peaceful ones,’ or Hópitu-shínumu, ‘peaceful all people’: their own name). A body of Indians, speaking a Shoshonean dialect, occupying 6 pueblos on a reservation of 2,472,320 acres in northeast Arizona. The name “Moqui,” or “Moki,” by which they have been popularly known, means ‘dead’ in their own language, but as a tribal name it is seemingly of alien origin and of undetermined signification – perhaps from the Keresan language (Mósǐcha in Laguna, Mo-ts in Acoma, Mótsǐ in Sia, Cochiti, and San Felipe), whence Espejo’s “Mohace” and “Mohoce” (1583) and Oñate’s “Mohoqui (1598). Bandelier and Cushing believed the Hopi country, the later province of Tusayan, to be identical with the Totonteac of Fray Marcos de Niza.

Hopi Indian Bands, Gens and Clans

Many tribes have sub-tribes, bands, gens, clans and phratry.  Often very little information is known or they no longer exist.  We have included them here to provide more information about the tribes. Aiyaho (a red-topped plant). A Zuni clan, by tradition originally a part of the Asa people who afterward became Hopi. Ala-Lengya (horn-flute). A phratral group of the Hopi, consisting of the Ala (Horn) and Lengya (Flute) clans. Ala (horn). A phratry of the Hopi, consisting of the Horn, Deer, Antelope, Elk, and probably other clans. They claim to have come from a place in s. Utah called Tokonabi, … Read more

Hopi Characteristics and Customs

The Hopi people, known for their peaceful disposition, possess distinctive physical characteristics such as reddish-brown skin, high cheekbones, and straight or wavy hair, often styled according to age and gender. Their cultural practices reflect a strong sense of community, artistry, and industriousness. The Hopi are known for their craftsmanship in pottery, basketry, and weaving, and they are quick-witted, hospitable, and generally peaceable. Their social structure values monogamy, with strong marital fidelity and a rarity of crime. Children are raised with respect for their elders and a focus on industriousness and moral behavior. Traditional clothing varies by gender, with men typically wearing breechcloths, moccasins, and jewelry, while women don woven blankets, mantas, and intricate hair ornaments.

Hopi Archeology

Hopi archeology reveals a complex history of village construction and abandonment as different clans migrated across the Southwest, leaving behind numerous ruins, primarily in present-day Arizona and New Mexico. These sites extend from the Rio Colorado to the Rio Grande and include remains from diverse linguistic and cultural groups. Significant ruins like Awatobi, Sikyatki, and Walpi highlight the varied origins and artistic achievements of the Hopi people, who trace their heritage through these ancient settlements. Archaeological investigations by institutions like the Bureau of American Ethnology have explored many of these sites, offering insights into the intricate blending of cultures that shaped present-day Hopi society.

Honniasontkeronon Tribe

Honniasontkeronon Indians (Iroquois; ‘people of the place of crook-necked squashes, or ‘people if the place where they wear crosses’) An unidentified people of whom Gallinée was informed by the Iroquois as living on Ohio river, above the falls at Louisville, Kentucky. On a map of De l’Isle, dated 1722, a small lake called Lake Oniasont, around which are the words ‘les Oniasontke,’ is placed on the south side, apparently of the “Ouabache, otherwise called Ohio or Beautiful river.” and the outlet of Lake Oniasont is made to flow into the Ouabache.  It may be inferred that the Iroquois statement as … Read more

Hoh Tribe

Hoh Indians. A band of the Quileute living at the mouth of Hoh River, about 15 miles south of Lapush, the main seat of the tribe on the west coast of Washington.  They are under the jurisdiction of the Neah Bay agency. Population 62 in 1905. Alternate Spellings Hohs – McKenney in Indian Affairs Report, 1869, 131, 1870. Holes – Hill, ibid., 1867, 48, 1868. Hooch – Swan, North West Coast, 211, 1857. Hooh – Ibid. Hūch – Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 173, 1877. Kwāāk-sat – Ibid.