Wampum

Wampum Belts

Reading The Wampums

The wampum belts of the Iroquois League served as vital records of treaties and laws, maintained by the keeper of the wampums, who committed their meanings to memory. Made from the shells of conchs and mussels, these belts symbolize significant historical events and agreements. Each wampum is a ceremonial artifact representing both governance and tradition. Despite being devoid of formal law, readings of the wampums provided an essential framework for the League’s democratic and oligarchic elements, preserving the culture and history of the Six Nations.

Iroquois Ceremonies

The Iroquois practiced a variety of mystical ceremonies rooted in dreams, which were believed to convey messages from the Great Spirit. These ceremonies included elaborate dances and rituals focused on healing and community well-being. They held strict adherence to traditions, fearing serious repercussions for deviations. Witchcraft was severely punished, reflecting deep societal fears. Burial customs involved placing the deceased on scaffolds or in graves with significant items for the afterlife. Wampum, significant in trade and social agreements, served as a currency and means of preserving history through belts and strings.