Umpqua

Treaty of November 18, 1854

On November 18, 1854, a convention was held at Rogue River, Oregon, where Joel Palmer, representing the U.S. government, and chiefs from various Indian bands, including the Chasta and Umpqua tribes, signed an agreement. The united bands ceded their territory to the United States in exchange for annual payments of $2,000 for fifteen years and various support provisions. They agreed to relocate to the Table Rock reserve and follow U.S. governance, pledging to maintain peace and submit disputes for resolution.

Treaty of November 29, 1854

On November 29, 1854, representatives of the Umpqua and Calapooia tribes signed a treaty at Calapooia Creek, ceding their land to the United States in exchange for annuities and reserved lands. The treaty stipulates the tribes’ removal to designated reservations, annual payments for various needs, and the establishment of schools and medical facilities. Additionally, the tribes committed to peaceful relations with U.S. citizens, adherence to laws, and restrictions against alcohol. The treaty reflects the complexities of early U.S.-Native American relations in the Oregon Territory.

Treaty of September 19, 1853

On September 19, 1853, a treaty was signed in Oregon between the United States, represented by Joel Palmer, and the Cow Creek band of the Umpqua tribe, led by chiefs Quin-ti-oo-san and My-n-e-letta. The treaty involved the cession of tribal lands to the U.S. in exchange for $12,000, along with provisions for temporary occupation of a reserve, and the construction of houses and farmland. It also established terms for conflict resolution and potential changes to funding for agriculture, pending presidential approval.

Siletz Reservation

The Siletz Reservation, established in 1855, is home to remnants of 34 tribes, including the Klamath, Coquille, and Rogue River Indians. Though these tribes intermarried, many adhere to their cultural practices. The area encompasses 225,000 acres with suitable agricultural land, primarily for oats. The Siletz Indians seek land allotments to improve their circumstances and express a desire for greater autonomy. Despite advancements in civilization, health issues persist. The local government promotes self-sufficiency among the tribes, advocating for the abolition of federal agency oversight.

Grande Ronde Reservation

The Grande Ronde Agency, located in southern Oregon, houses 379 Indigenous individuals from various tribes, remnants of once larger populations. Established in 1855, the reservation spans 61,440 acres, with limited cultivation despite abundant arable land. The community faces health challenges, primarily diseases and declining population numbers, with mixed-blood individuals predominant among the youth. The agency is financially constrained, with a significant portion of funding directed toward education. Recommendations include immediate allotments and potential agency abolishment, as residents show readiness for citizenship.