Michigamea

Indians about Prairie du Rocher Illinois

The arrival of early French settlers in Prairie du Rocher, Illinois coincided with fertile silt deposits from the Mississippi River, which facilitated agriculture. The French adopted Indigenous corn planting practices and enjoyed leisure time due to the lack of soil tillage. However, the region’s humid climate contributed to a sense of lethargy, impacting cultural development among local tribes, such as the Metchigamias, who integrated into the Illinois Confederacy from 1718-1723. The area reflects a peaceful coexistence between the French and Indigenous peoples while preserving historical sites.

Treaty of September 25, 1818 – Peoria

On September 25, 1818, a treaty was signed between U.S. Commissioners Ninian Edwards and Auguste Chouteau and representatives of several tribes, including the Peoria, Kaskaskia, Mitchigamia, Cahokia, and Tamarois. The treaty confirmed the cession of land to the U.S., addressing previous oversights regarding the Peoria’s claims. In return, the U.S. pledged protection, an annual annuity, and a tract of land for the Peoria. This agreement aimed to solidify boundaries and foster cooperation among the tribes and the federal government.

Treaty of August 13, 1803

On August 13, 1803, a treaty was established between the United States and the Kaskaskia Tribe, represented by their chiefs. The tribe ceded their lands in Illinois, reserving a small area near Kaskaskia. In exchange, the U.S. promised protection, financial support of $1,000 annually, and assistance for religious and educational needs. The treaty also recognized their hard-fought claim to territory and granted them the right to live and hunt on ceded lands. This agreement aimed to foster cooperation and improve the tribe’s livelihood.

Treaty of October 27, 1832 – Kaskaskia

On October 27, 1832, a treaty was signed at Castor Hill between U.S. Commissioners and the Kaskaskia and Peoria tribes, along with their associated bands. The tribes ceded their lands in Illinois and Missouri in exchange for a new reservation in Missouri, financial annuities, and goods to support their relocation. Further stipulations included provisions for agricultural aid and the acknowledgment of previous claims. This agreement sought to clarify ownership and ensure the tribes received support for their transition, while relinquishing future claims against the United States.

Michigamea Tribe

The Michigamea Indians, part of the Illinois confederacy, were first documented by Marquette in 1673, living near a lake named after them in present-day Arkansas. They likely migrated southward to avoid conflict with the Sioux and Foxes. In the late 17th century, they were pushed north by the Quapaw or Chickasaw and eventually joined the Kaskaskia tribe in Illinois. By the early 19th century, their numbers had dwindled significantly, with only a few individuals reportedly remaining by 1818.

Chepoussa Tribe

The Chepoussa Indians, identified by La Salle and Allouez, refer to a group of Illinois Indians, likely named after a local chief or their association with the Kaskaskia River in southwest Illinois. This designation may have emerged from La Salle’s invitation to gather them at Kaskaskia. It is also suggested that the Chepoussa were linked to the Michigamea tribe, indicating a broader regional connection among Indigenous groups in the area.