Lipan Apache

Lipan Apache Tribe

The Lipan Apache Indians, known as Náizhan, historically roamed from the Rio Grande through Texas to the Gulf coast, engaging in raids against other tribes and settlers. By the 18th and 19th centuries, their population was divided into three bands. The Lipan faced significant adversity during the Texan wars, leading to their eventual displacement to Coahuila, Mexico. In the early 20th century, a small remnant was relocated to the Mescalero reservation in New Mexico. They maintain cultural similarities to other Apache tribes.

Texas Lipan Apache, Troublesome Tribe

The Texas Lipan Apache sought peace with Spanish settlers after being pressured by the Comanches, leading to the establishment of missions. Although initially friendly, they never settled permanently, using the Spanish as allies against their enemies. Tensions escalated when Comanche warriors attacked a mission, decimating the Spanish forces. Despite various military efforts by the Spanish, including punitive expeditions and attempts to establish peace, the Lipan Apache maintained a pattern of deception and continued raids, leading to a prolonged period of conflict along the border.