New Mexico
Kiowa Apache Indians
The Kiowa Apache Indians, named for their connection to the Kiowa and their dialect, are part of the Athapascan linguistic family. Historically noted by La Salle in the 1680s, they were closely associated with the Kiowa, although briefly detached to join the Cheyenne and Arapaho from 1865 to 1867. Their population, estimated at 300 in 1780, fluctuated due to disease, ultimately rising to 340 by 1937. The Kiowa Apache exemplify integration within another tribe’s social structure.
Kiowa Indians
The Kiowa Indians, meaning “principal people” in their language, are historically linked to the Tanoan stock and primarily located in parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. Traditionally, the Kiowa migrated from the Missouri River region southward, forming alliances with the Crow, Arapaho, and Cheyenne, eventually establishing a partnership with the Comanche. Known for their raiding prowess, they were significant players on the southern Plains. By 1937, the Kiowa population was reported at 2,263.
Biography of John F. Church
John F. Church, a prominent businessman in Winona, Missouri, founded the successful firm Church Kissel with Jacob Kissel. Born in St. Genevieve in 1863, he learned blacksmithing and held various jobs before establishing his general store, which quickly prospered. Their business offers a wide range of products and services, generating annual revenues between $50,000 and $60,000. Church is respected for his integrity and business acumen. He married Rosie Draper in 1891 and is an active member of the I.O.O.F. and the Republican Party.
Apache Indians
The term “Apache” refers to a group of Native American tribes primarily located in southern New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, and southeastern Colorado. The name originates from Zuni, initially applied to the Navaho and later to other tribes. Apache subdivisions include the San Carlos, Chiricahua, and Mescalero, with distinct bands based on language. Historically, the Apaches were recognized for their aggressive resistance against Spanish and American expansion, leading to their notorious reputation. Their estimated population, which has varied over time, reflects their complex history and adaptiveness.
Jemez Indians
The Jemez Indians, part of the Tanoan linguistic family, historically settled along the north bank of the Jemez River. Known by various names, including their own as Walatoa, meaning “Village of the Bear,” they faced significant turmoil during Spanish colonization, including rebellions and subsequent population declines. By 1680, their population was estimated at 2,500, which decreased dramatically due to conflict and disease. Notably, they merged with the remaining Pecos tribe in 1838, and by 1937, their population had risen to 648.
Pecos Indians
Pecos Indians. Located on an upper branch of Pecos River, about 30 miles southeast of Santa Fe. The Pecos belonged to the Jemez division of the Tanoan linguistic family, itself a part of the Kiowa-Tanoan stock.
Pueblo Indians
Pueblo Indians, a term for various Native groups in the Southwestern United States, are distinguished by their construction of stone buildings. They comprise four distinct linguistic stocks, including Kiowa-Tanoan, Keresan, Zuni, and Shoshonean. Notable for their communal stone houses and unique cultural practices, such as the Snake Dance, they are linked to the region’s ancient architectural ruins. Their unique way of life and traditions have drawn the interest of artists, historians, and writers, highlighting their significant role in early European colonization efforts.
Tiwa Pueblo Indians
Tiwa Pueblo Indians. The Tiwa Pueblos formed three geographic divisions, one occupying Taos and Picuris (the most northerly of the New Mexican Pueblos), on the upper waters of the Rio Grande; another inhabiting Sandia and Isleta, north and south of Albuquerque respectively; and the third living in the pueblos of Isleta del Sur and Senecu del Sur, near El Paso, Tex., in Texas and Chihuahua, Mexico, respectively.
Ute Indians
The Ute Indians, part of the Shoshonean division of the Uto-Aztecan linguistic family, historically inhabited central and western Colorado and eastern Utah. They are recognized by various names across different tribes and languages. Their interactions with Europeans began in the late 18th century, leading to treaties and land cessions with the United States from 1849 onward. Despite significant reductions in land, they have maintained a notable cultural presence, contributing to the naming of Utah and other regions. Population estimates have fluctuated over time, reflecting the tribe’s resilience.
Biography of William A. Johnston, Mrs.
In June 1879, Willis Bailey moved to Nemaha County, Kansas, where he established a ranch that later became the town of Baileyville. Active in banking, he organized the Baileyville State Bank in 1895 and served as vice president of the Exchange National Bank in Atchison. A prominent Republican, he served in the Kansas Legislature, was elected governor in 1903, and advocated for agriculture throughout his political career. Bailey was also deeply involved in various civic organizations and was married to Ida B. Weede, with two step-sons.
Biographical Sketch of Knox Taylor
Knox Taylor, born in Highbridge, New Jersey, on October 19, 1873, is a prominent figure in mining and metallurgy. He graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1895 and subsequently moved to New Mexico to pursue a mining career. In 1896, he settled in Ketchum, Idaho, where he manages significant mining interests. A skilled expert in his field, Taylor is noted for his sociable nature and enthusiasm for sports, having recently hunted deer and bear in the region.
Biography of Robert E. McFarland
Robert E. McFarland, born on November 21, 1857, in Missouri, distinguished himself as Idaho’s attorney general through his adept legal abilities and dedication to public service. A member of a notable family with ancestral ties to early American history, he was educated at Central College and studied law under prominent figures before beginning his legal career in New Mexico. He moved to Idaho in 1894, engaged in diverse legal roles, and became renowned for his expertise in criminal law. McFarland, a Democrat, married Marie Pendy and had three children.
Biography of Jacob Shafer
Jacob Shafer, born in 1844 in Indiana, became an esteemed resident of Kansas, living on a farm near Topeka for a decade. He served in the Civil War with the 70th and later the 135th Illinois Infantry, participating in significant battles in the Mississippi Valley. Post-war, he farmed in Iowa and Kansas, ultimately settling in Shawnee County in 1906. A devoted family man, Shafer had two wives and six children, embodying the spirit of hard work and community engagement instilled by his father.
Biography of William R. Lott
William R. Lott, born on June 19, 1854, in Pennsylvania, moved to New Mexico in 1882, where he engaged extensively in ranching, primarily sheep farming. After overcoming the challenges of a rugged environment filled with outlaws and native tribes, he achieved moderate success. In 1893, seeking better educational opportunities for his children, he relocated to Kansas, purchasing land near Topeka. A Republican by conviction, Lott also managed a stone-crushing operation, while raising five children with his wife Rebecca Clark.