Ibitoupa Tribe

Ibitoupa Indians. A small tribe of unknown affinity, but the theory that they were connected with the Chickasaw has more arguments in its favor than any other. In 1699 they formed one of the villages mentioned by Iberville as situated on Yazoo River, Ibitoupa being near the upper end of the group between the Chaquesauma (Chakchiuma) and the Thysia (Tioux), according to the order named, which appears to be substantially correct, although Coxe who omits Thysia, makes the Ibitoupa settlement expressly the uppermost of the series. The Ibitoupa and Chakchiuma, together with the Tapoucha (Taposa), were united in one village … Read more

Puyallup Tribe

Puyallup Indians. An important Salish tribe on Puyallup River and Commencement Bay, west Washington. According to Gibbs, their designation is the Nisqualli name for the mouth of Puyallup River, but Evans says the name means ‘shadow,’ from the dense shade of its forests. By treaty at Medicine Creek, Wash., Dec. 26, 1854, the Puyallup and other tribes at the head of Puget Sound ceded their lands to the United States and agreed to go upon a reservation set apart for them on the sound near Shenahnam Creek, Wash. In 1901 there were 536 on Puyallup Reservation, Wash.; in 1909, 469.

Chimakum Tribe

Chimakum Indians. A Chimakuan tribe, now probably extinct, formerly occupying the peninsula between Hood’s canal and Port Townsend, Washington. Little is known of their history except that they were at constant war with the Clallam and other Salish neighbors, and by reason of their inferiority in numbers suffered extremely at their hands. In 1855, according to Gibbs, they were reduced to 90 individuals. The Chimakum were included in the Point no Point treaty of 1855 and placed upon the Skokomish Reservation, since which time they have gradually diminished in numbers. In 1890 Boas was able to learn of only three … Read more

Salish Tribe

Salish Indians. (Okinagan: sälst, ‘people’). Formerly a large and powerful division of the Salishan family, to which they gave their name, inhabiting much of west Montana and centering around Flathead lake and valley. A more popular designation for this tribe is Flatheads, given to them by the surrounding people, not because they artificially deformed their heads, but because, in contradistinction to most tribes farther west, they left them in their natural condition, flat on top. They lived mainly by hunting. The Salish, with the cognate Pend d’Oreille and the Kutenai, by treaty of Hell Gate, Montana, July 16, 1855, ceded … Read more

Hoh Tribe

Hoh Indians. A band of the Quileute living at the mouth of Hoh River, about 15 miles south of Lapush, the main seat of the tribe on the west coast of Washington.  They are under the jurisdiction of the Neah Bay agency. Population 62 in 1905. Alternate Spellings Hohs – McKenney in Indian Affairs Report, 1869, 131, 1870. Holes – Hill, ibid., 1867, 48, 1868. Hooch – Swan, North West Coast, 211, 1857. Hooh – Ibid. Hūch – Gibbs, in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 173, 1877. Kwāāk-sat – Ibid.

Quileute Tribe

Quileute Indians. A Chimakuan tribe, now the only representative of the linguistic stock, whose main seat is at Lapush, at the mouth of Quillaynte river, about 35 miles south of Cape Flattery, west coast of Washington. A small division of the tribe, the Hoh live at the mouth of the river of the same name, 15 miles south of Lapush. Since they have been known to the whites the Quileute have always been few in number, but being of an independent and warlike disposition and occupying an easily defended situation, they have successfully resisted all the attempts of neighboring tribes … Read more

Elahsa

Elahsa (‘village of the great willows’). A former Hidatsa village on the north bank of Knife River, North Dakota, about 3 miles from Missouri River. Alternate Spellings: Biddahtsi-Awatiss – Maxmillian, Voy. dans l’int de l’Am. III, 3, 1843. Eláh-sá – Maxmillian, Trav., 178, 1843. Hidatsa – Matthews, Ethnog. Hidatsa, 38, 1877.

Native American History of Russell County, Alabama

This article discusses the history of Native Americans in Russell County, Alabama, with a focus on the Muscogee (Creek) people. The text covers their presence in the area from prehistoric times through European contact and forced removal. It highlights significant locations like Koweta, the last capital of the Creek Nation, and criticizes Alabama for its lack of protection for Native American historical sites compared to neighboring states. Additionally, it provides a timeline of Native American cultural periods in the region and translates Creek geographical names in Russell County.

Native American History of Lee County, Alabama

Although most Alabamans today probably assume that the Creek Indians are an ancient, indigenous ethnic group, that once occupied all or most of their state, the Creek Tribe, in fact, is a political entity that is not much older than Alabama itself. The ethnic label “Creek” does not even appear on maps until 1745. Until after the American Revolution, maps described locations of specifically named ethnic groups within the geographical regions denote as “Creek.”  The word “Muscogee” – which nowadays is considered synonymous with “Creek” – does not appear on any maps until late in the 18th Century. Location and … Read more

Native American History of Henry County, Alabama

Henry County is located in the southeast corner of Alabama, immediately west of the Chattahoochee River and the State of Georgia. It is named after the Governor of Virginia during the American Revolution, Patrick Henry. The county seat is Abbeville. To the north is Barbour County, AL. On the northeast boundary is Clay County, GA and to the Southeast is Early County, GA. Henry County adjoins Houston County, AL to the south and Dale County, AL to the west. Geology and Hydrology The entire county is in Alabama’s Gulf Coastal Plain. The county’s terrain is characterized by low rolling clay … Read more

Native American History of Geneva County, Alabama

Geneva County is located in southeastern Alabama. When created by the Alabama legislature in 1868, a Walter H. Yonge, a native of Switzerland suggested that it be named after Geneva, Switzerland. Its county seat is also named Geneva. It is bordered on the south by Holmes County, FL and on the southwest by Walton County, FL. To the northeast is Dale County, AL and northwest is Coffee County, AL. Houston County, AL is to the east, while Covington County, AL is to the west. The Choctawhatchee River flows through the center of Geneva County and flows southward into Holmes County, … Read more

Native American History of Dale County, Alabama

Dale County is located in southeastern Alabama. Ozark is its county seat. It is bordered on the southeast by Houston County, AL and on the southwest by Geneva County, GA.  To the north is Barbour County, AL and northwest is Pike County, AL. Coffee County, AL is to the west, while Henry County, AL is to the east. The Little Choctawhatchee River joins the Choctawhatchee River near the center of Dale County flows southward into Geneva County, AL.  Much of Dale County is in its drainage basin. The original Creek name of the Choctawhatchee River was probably, Chakato-hachi (=Chatot River,) … Read more

Native American History of Barbour County, Alabama

Barbour County is located in the southeast corner of Alabama, immediately west of the Chattahoochee River and the State of Georgia. The county seat is Clayton. The county is named after Jame Barbour, a popular Virginia governor and U. S. Senator.  As Secretary of War, Barbour successfully negotiated the removal of the Creek Nation from Georgia.  He was also the first national leader to propose creation of an Indian Territory in the West. To the east, Barbour County adjoins Quitman and Stewart Counties, GA. To the south, it adjoins Henry and Dale Counties, AL, plus Clay County, GA. On the … Read more

Biography of William Grant Rogers

William Grant Rogers, a member of one of the honored pioneer families of Oklahoma, has the distinction of being the oldest settler in Dewey, coming here long before the establishment of the town. He has been called to public positions of honor and trust and for many years has been engaged in general farming and stock raising in this section of the state but is gradually retiring from the more arduous cares of business, devoting his attention to the supervision of a well improved ranch lying adjacent to the town. He was born April 13, 1865, in the neutral land … Read more

Biography of Louis Tinker

Louis Tinker, a retired farmer and stock raiser of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, was born on the Neosha River, Kansas, and is a son of William H. and Lucille (Lessart) Tinker, both of whom were of Osage Indian origin. Both have passed away. Louis Tinker’s. parents removed with him to Oklahoma when he was a child, and on reaching adult years he there turned his attention to farming and stock raising. He followed this occupation in Oklahoma successfully for many years and as a result of his close application and industry he is now, at the age of fifty-four years, living retired … Read more

Biography of Robert L. Clark

Robert L. Clark, a native son of Oklahoma and a representative of one of the honored pioneer families of the state, has filled a number of public positions of honor and trust and is now devoting his attention to general farming, conducting his operations on an extensive scale. He was born in Tahlequah, Cherokee County, December 2, 1881, his parents being Silas D. and Elizabeth (Griffin) Clark, who were of exactly the same age: The father was born in Indian Territory, while his parents, who were of Cherokee extraction, were natives of Georgia, being among the first of that tribe … Read more

Biography of Oliver C. Wilkerson

Oliver C. Wilkerson is one of the enterprising and progressive young business men of Washington County, his home being about three miles north of Dewey, where he resides with his parents. He was born at Claremore, Oklahoma, on the 5th of March, 1899, and is a son of Richard Wilkerson and a grandson of Thomas Wilkerson. The family are full-blooded Cherokees. Richard Wilkerson was born August 26, 1866, in the Choctaw Nation, his parents being Thomas and Lizzy (Tenewey) Wilkerson, both of whom were full-blooded Cherokees and were natives of Georgia. In childhood they were brought by the United States … Read more

Biography of John C. Duncan

John C. Duncan, a native son of Oklahoma and a member of one of the pioneer families of the state, is numbered among the progressive real estate operators of Ochelata and is a man of keen business discernment and sound judgment, who has attained high standing in commercial circles here. He was born in the southern part of the state, near Fort Smith, on the 20th of April, 1859, his parents being John and Elizabeth (Saunders) Duncan, the latter of whom removed from Georgia to Indian Territory with the Cherokee tribe, of which she was a member. The father was … Read more

Biography of J. C. Bushyhead, M. D.

One of Claremore’s pioneer citizens, who has tirelessly devoted his energies to the development of the town along the various lines is Dr. J. C. Bushyhead, who first located here some thirty-one years ago. During the long period of his residence here he has been engaged in the active practice of his chosen profession and has won for himself an enviable position among the foremost physicians and surgeons of northeastern Oklahoma. A native of Indian Territory, he was born at Fort Gibson on the 29th of June, 1870, a son of Dennis Bushyhead, who was chief of the Cherokee Indians … Read more