America

Covers all of the United States.

Indian Stock in the United States

Stocks In The United States which have Become Extinct

The lists following are as they have been agreed upon by most American ethnologists. Data as to separate tribes and the location and number of the tribes and stock are also given. The stock table given shows some 280 tribes or parts or Indian tribes in the United Sates. Many of these, notably those in Oregon, are merged into others, and some names are undoubtedly local duplications. Many of the tribes are widely scattered; for instance, the Arapaho are at Shoshone agency, Wyoming, and at Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, Oklahoma. Some Apaches are at the Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita agency, … Read more

Indians who are Citizens of the United States

Civilized Indians off Reservations

The citizen Indians are scattered over 44 states and 5 territories, as shown by the tables in this introduction, and are employed in various pursuits. As a rule the modern Mississippi valley, western, and Pacific coast Indians can be easily accounted for. The settlement of those regions by whites is large numbers is recent, and a fairly good record of the whereabouts of the several tribes of Indians known has been kept. The Six Nations of New York and The Five Civilized Tribes of Indian territory are not citizens of the United States. Civilized Indians off Reservations, Taxed, At Censuses … Read more

Condition of the Indian Tribes by State, 1890

An in-depth description of various Indian tribes by state and how their “condition” was considered in 1890. By condition, most descriptions provide a count of the population, providing often the list of counties in which had the most Indians enumerated.

Indian Population of the United States in 1782

Prior to 1846 there was no general law for taking a census of the Indians within the United States, Thomas Jefferson in 1782 gave a careful analysis of the location of tribes and their numbers the United States, which then comprised only the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Floridas. It will be noticed that Mr. Jefferson made two lists: one of Indians beyond the United States of that date, part of whom were in territory which is still outside the United States, based upon the estimates of Croghan, Bouquet, and Hutchins, and a second of Indians … Read more

Indians in the 1890 Census

Prior to 1846 there was no general law for taking a census of the Indians within the United States, Thomas Jefferson in 1782 gave a careful analysis of the location of tribes and their numbers in the United States, which then comprised only the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Floridas. It will be noticed that Mr. Jefferson made two lists: one of Indians beyond the United States of that date, part of whom were in territory which is still outside the United States, based upon the estimates of Croghan, Bouquet, and Hutchins, and a second of … Read more

Use By Modern Actors and Orators – Sign Language

Less of practical value can be learned of sign language, considered as a system, from the study of gestures of actors and orators than would appear without reflection. The pantomimist who uses no words whatever is obliged to avail himself of every natural or imagined connection between thought and gesture, and, depending wholly on the latter, makes himself intelligible. On the stage and the rostrum words are the main reliance, and gestures generally serve for rhythmic movement and to display personal grace. At the most they give the appropriate representation of the general idea expressed by the words, but do … Read more

Some Theories Upon Primitive Language – Sign Language

Cresollius, writing in 1620, was strongly in favor of giving precedence to gesture. He says, “Man, full of wisdom and divinity, could have appeared nothing superior to a naked trunk or block had he not been adorned with the hand as the interpreter and messenger of his thoughts.” He quotes with approval the brother of St. Basil in declaring that had men been formed without hands they would never have been endowed with an articulate voice, and concludes: “Since, then, nature has furnished us with two instruments for the purpose of bringing into light and expressing the silent affections of … Read more

Are Signs Conventional or Instinctive? – Sign Language

There has been much discussion on the question whether gesture signs were originally invented, in the strict sense of that term, or whether they result from a natural connection between them and the ideas represented by them, that is whether they are conventional or instinctive. Cardinal Wiseman (Essays, III, 537) thinks that they are of both characters; but referring particularly to the Italian signs and the proper mode of discovering their meaning, observes that they are used primarily with words and from the usual accompaniment of certain phrases. “For these the gestures become substitutes, and then by association express all … Read more

Why and How did Native Americans Build Mounds

“Indian mound” is the common name for a variety of solid structures erected by some of the indigenous peoples of the United States. Most Native American tribes did not build mounds. The majority were constructed in the Lower Southeast, Ohio River Valley, Tennessee River Valley and the Mississippi River Valley. Some shell mounds can be found along the entire length of the United States’ Atlantic Coast.

1755 Mitchell Map

1755 Mitchell Map

In 1755 John Mitchell produced a large map of what was known at that time of the Map of the British and French Dominions. Produced in 8 sheets, this map when laid out covered a space roughly equal to 6.5ft by 4.5 ft. John Mitchell created this map by researching and looking at previously published maps and manuscripts. While fraught with obvious bias towards English imperial claims to America, by minimizing the claims of the French and Spanish, this map has still reached notoriety in it’s authenticity and accuracy… The maps greatest reference was when it was used to set … Read more

The American Negro

To the credit of men of African descent, it may be said, that one of them performed the last act of kindness to our Lord Jesus, and the first individual conversion, of which we have an account in the book of Acts, relates to another one. Simon, who assisted Jesus to bear his cross to the place of crucifixion, was a native of Cyrene in North Africa. The eastern Church canonized him as Simon, the Black one, because his was the high and holy honor of bearing for the weary Christ, his cross of shame and pain. Our Lord Jesus … Read more

Indian Tribes of the Pacific Region

The Pacific Region of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is one of 12 Regional Offices located across the country. These 12 Regional Offices make up the field portion of the Bureau.  A Regional Director who reports to the Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs, heads each Regional Office.  Each Region is made up of several agency or field offices, located near reservations.  Each agency/field office reports to the Regional Director.  The Regional Director has a staff that provides advice on administrative and program matters.  The staff also advises and assists the field offices. Dale Morris, Acting Regional Director Pacific Regional … Read more