While we know our northern friends may not feel it, in the South, Spring is
here. So we thought we'd share a few of our gardening sites appropriate
for this time of the year. Along with gardening, there's grilling, and getting
ready to diet so that you can fit back into that bathing suit this summer!
Dictionaries. Dictionaries have been made of at least
63 different North American Indian languages belonging to 19 linguistic
families, besides many vocabularies of other languages. Of 122 dictionaries
mentioned below more than half are still in manuscript.
Beginning with the Eskimauan family, vocabularies of Greenland Eskimo have been
supplied by the labors of Egede (1750), Fabricius (1804), Kleinschmidt (1871),
Rink (1877), and Kjer and Rasmussen (1893); of Labrador Eskimo, by Erdmann
(1864); of Chiglit (Kopagmiut), by Petltot (1876); and there are collections by
Pinart of the Aleutian Fox (Unalaskan Aleut) dialect (1871, MS.), and of that of
the Kaniagmiut (1871-72, MS.).
In the Athapascan languages there are the dictionaries of Végréville
for the Chipewyan (1853-90, MS.), the three fold dictionary of Petitot for the
Montagnais (Chipewyan), Peau de Lievre (Kawchodinne), and Loucheux (Kutchin)
(1876); of Radloff for the Kenai (Knaiakhotana) (1874); of Garrioch (1885) for
the Beaver (Tsattine); of Morice for the Tsilkotin (1884, MS.); of Matthews
(1890, MS.) and Weber (1905, MS. ) for the Navaho; and of Goddard for the Hupa
(1904, MS.).
Of the languages of the Algonquian family, the Cree has dictionaries by Watkins
(1865), Lacombe (1874), and Végréville (ca. 1800, MS.); the Montagnais, by Silvy
(ca, 1678, MS.), Favre (1696, MS.), Laure (1726, MS.), and Lemoine (1901); the
Algonkin, 3 by anonymous Jesuit fathers (1661, 1662, 1667, all MS.) and leach by
Andre (ca. 1688, MS.), Thavenet (ca, 1815, MS.), and Cuoq (1886); the Micmac, by
Rand (Micmac-English, 1854, MS., and English-Micmac, 1888); the
Malecite-Passamaquoddy, by Demillier (ca. 1840, MS.); the Abnaki, by Rasles
(1691, first printed in 1833), Aubéry
(1712-15, MS.), Lesueur (ca. 1750, MS.), Nudénans
(1760, MS.), Mathevet (ca. 1780, MS.), and Vetromile (1855-75, MS.); the Natick
Massachuset, by Trumbull (1903); the Delaware, by Ettwein (ca, 1788, MS.),
Dencke (ca. 1820, MS.), Henry (1860, MS.), Zeisberger (1887), and Brinton and
Anthony (1888); the Ojibwa (Chippewa), by Belcourt (ca. 1840, MS.), Baraga
(1853, new ed. 1878-80), Wilson (1874), and Férard
(1890, MS.); the Potawatomi, by Bourassa (ca. 1840, MS.) and Gailland (ca. 1870,
MS.); the Ottawa, by Jaunay (ca. 1740, MS.); the Shawnee, by Gatschet (1894,
MS.); the Peoria Illinois, by Gravier (ca. 1710, MS.) and Gatschet (1893, MS.);
the Miami Illinois, by Le Boulanger (ca. 1720, MS. ) ; the Menominee, by Krake
(1882-89, MS.) and Hoffman (1892); the Blackfoot (Siksika) , by Lacombe
(1882-83, MS.), Tims (1889), and McLean (1890, MS.).
In the Iroquoian languages there are dictionaries of the Huron (Wyandot), by Le
Caron (1616-25, MS.), Sagard (1632, repr. 1865), Breboeuf (ca, 1640. MS.),
Chaumonot (ca. 1680, MS.), and Carheil (1744, MS.); of the Iroquois Mohawk, by
Bruyas (1862), Marcoux (1844, MS.), and Cuoq (1882); of the Iroquois Seneca, by
Jesuit fathers (MS.); the Iroquois Onondaga, by Jesuit fathers (printed in
1860); of the Iroquois Tuscarora, by Mrs. E. A. Smith (1880-82, MS. ) and Hewitt
(1886, MS.); besides extended glossaries of the Cherokee, by Gatschet (1881, MS.
) and Mooney (1885, MS.; and 1900, 19th Rep. B. A. E.).
In the Muskhogean languages there are the
dictionaries of the Choctaw by Byington (ca.
1865, MS.), Wright (1880), and Rouquette
(ca. 1880, MS.); of the Maskoki (Creek), by
Robertson (1860-89, MS.) and Loughridge
(1882, MS.)
The Siouan family is provided with dictionaries of the Santee Dakota by Riggs
(1852, 1890) and Williamson (1871, 1886) ; of the Yankton Dakota, by Williamson
(1871); of the Quapaw, the Biloxi, the Winnebago, and the Dhegiha (Omaha), by
Dorsey (1891-95, MS.); of the Hidatsa, by Matthews (1873-74) ; and of the Kansa,
by Bourassa (ca. 1850, MS.) .
Other linguistic families are represented by dictionaries or extended glossaries
as follows: Natchesan, Natchez lexicon, by Gatschet (1893, MS.); Chitimachan,
Shetimasha (Chitimacha), by Gatschet (ca. 1880, MS.); Caddoan, Pawnee, by Dunbar
(1880, MS.); Tonka wan, Tonkawa, by Gatschet (ca. 1877, MS.); Kiowan, Kiowa, by
Mooney (1900, MS.); Shoshonean, Snake (Shoshoni), by Ge-bow (1864, 1868), and
Comanche, by Rejon (1866); Koluschan, Chilkat, by Everette (ca. 1880, MS.);
Chimmesyan, Tsimshian, by Boas (1898, MS. ) ; Salishan, Kalispel by Giorda
(1877-79), Twana by Eells (ca. 1880, MS.), and Nisqualli by Gibbs (1877);
Chinookan, Chinook by Gibbs (1863) and Boas (1900, MS.), and
Chinook jargon
by Blanchet (1856), Gibbs (1863), Demers (1871, Gill (1882), Prosch (1888) ,
Tate (1889), Coones (1891), Buhner (1891, MS.), St Onge (1892, MS.), and Eells
(1893, MS.); Kitunahan, Kutenai, by Chamberlain (1891-1905, MS.); Shahaptian,
Nez Perce by McBeth (1893, MS.) and Gatschet (1896, MS.); Lutuamian, Klamath by
Gatschet (1890) ; Shastan, Shasta, by Gatschet (1877, MS.); Piman, Cora by
Ortega (1732, repr.1888), Opata by Pimentel (1863), and Tarahumare by Steffel
(1791) and Lumholtz (1894, MS.). (W. E.)
This site
includes some historical materials that may imply negative stereotypes
reflecting the culture or language of a particular period or place. These
items are presented as part of the historical record and should not be
interpreted to mean that the WebMasters in any way endorse the stereotypes
implied .
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Frederick Webb Hodge, 1906
